0:00:00.055,0:00:03.101
This is an open hardware project.

0:00:03.116,0:00:06.674
And it’s an open hardware project with no electronics to speak of.

0:00:06.674,0:00:15.530
There are a few electronics. Let me give you the electronics.

0:00:15.530,0:00:19.969
So, I wanna point this out, it's the direction open hardware is going.

0:00:19.969,0:00:21.892
You wanna take one of those and pass them on?

0:00:21.892,0:00:23.077
These is some lights.

0:00:23.077,0:00:26.369
I don’t think we need that light. It's probably okay without it.

0:00:26.384,0:00:28.015
[audience: alright for the video]

0:00:28.015,0:00:28.813
Ok, cool.

0:00:28.844,0:00:34.050
These things here are hexayurts, and these ones are Burning Man.

0:00:34.050,0:00:37.407
And you can see, they are just, they are little houses, right.

0:00:37.407,0:00:40.914
They are, sort of, housing-pod-things.

0:00:40.914,0:00:45.000
And they’re incredibly easy to make.

0:00:45.000,0:00:48.506
We'll just, right, take a look at them.

0:00:48.506,0:00:51.966
I want to suggest that this is an example

0:00:51.966,0:00:54.799
of open hardware taking a different direction.

0:00:54.799,0:00:57.632
And this is the direction I think open hardware is going,

0:00:57.632,0:00:59.861
that it’s becoming more and more like software,

0:00:59.861,0:01:03.785
where you just casually hack together physical artifacts.

0:01:03.785,0:01:06.316
And my speciality happens to be housing and infrastructure

0:01:06.316,0:01:08.011
and sustainable developement,

0:01:08.011,0:01:10.101
but you can do anything this way.

0:01:10.101,0:01:12.666
So, let’s think about this,

0:01:12.666,0:01:15.511
if we take laziness and impatience and hubris,

0:01:15.511,0:01:17.880
instead of being for software,

0:01:17.880,0:01:20.596
as a way of thinking about hardware. Right?

0:01:20.596,0:01:23.731
What’s the lazy, impatient, you know, ambitious way

0:01:23.731,0:01:26.518
of doing hardware systems. Right?

0:01:26.518,0:01:29.118
So, these lights that I’m passing around,

0:01:29.118,0:01:32.090
have not been formally announced as open hardware yet,

0:01:32.090,0:01:34.041
but they are 7 dollars, right?

0:01:34.041,0:01:35.759
Look at that thing. 7 dollars!

0:01:35.759,0:01:38.244
[Audience: 7 dollars!] 7 dollars!

0:01:38.244,0:01:39.557
Now, the difference that that makes,

0:01:39.557,0:01:40.860
as an open hardware project,

0:01:40.860,0:01:43.471
you can sell these as open hardware

0:01:43.471,0:01:47.485
incredibly cheaply in the developing world, right?

0:01:47.485,0:01:50.155
And, you know, that's not the direction we typically think of open hardware.

0:01:50.155,0:01:53.114
Open hardware typically is microprocessors and all the rest of that stuff.

0:01:53.114,0:01:54.941
No, there’s a different direction here.

0:01:54.941,0:01:59.443
So, laziness, hubris and impatience, right?

0:01:59.443,0:02:07.663
150 square-meters of buildings built by 6 guys in 2 days.

0:02:07.663,0:02:10.914
Does that sound useful for CCC, maybe?

0:02:10.914,0:02:12.702
[Audience: How many?]

0:02:12.702,0:02:24.593
7 buildings: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 buildings.

0:02:24.593,0:02:29.083
Large, 150 square-meters between them, 6 guys in 2 days.

0:02:29.083,0:02:32.509
And it wasn't really very hard work. Right?

0:02:32.509,0:02:36.649
This is a radical breakthrough building technology. You know.

0:02:36.649,0:02:39.219
This place is Maslowtopia,

0:02:39.219,0:02:40.700
you can see in the bottom corner,

0:02:40.700,0:02:42.415
you've got the google street view,

0:02:42.415,0:02:46.116
you know, the map, they do a high-res picture of Burning Man every year.

0:02:46.116,0:02:48.275
This was a huge camp with these units.

0:02:48.275,0:02:50.561
I didn't even know these guys were building this thing.

0:02:50.561,0:02:52.292
I just, after the event, I saw some pictures of this.

0:02:52.292,0:02:55.938
They didn't ask me how to do anything.

0:02:55.938,0:02:57.409
[Audience: They didn't ask your permission?]

0:02:57.409,0:02:58.521
No, they didn't ask me how to do anything:

0:02:58.521,0:03:02.439
they just downloaded the plans and built the damn things. Right?

0:03:02.439,0:03:04.343
So it's an open hardware project

0:03:04.343,0:03:06.931
in massive full-scale replication

0:03:06.962,0:03:07.953
because it's really, really simple.

0:03:07.953,0:03:13.863
And the simplicity, right - lazy, impatient, hubristic - right,

0:03:13.863,0:03:16.408
the simplicity is what allows the idea spread.

0:03:16.408,0:03:19.013
So how do you make a hexayurt?

0:03:19.013,0:03:20.687
You need this very broad tape.

0:03:20.687,0:03:23.848
You need to know how to make this thing called the tape anchor,

0:03:23.848,0:03:25.483
which is like a, you know, like a knob,

0:03:25.483,0:03:27.420
where you've got a special way of using rope to make a fastener.

0:03:27.420,0:03:30.797
So the tape anchor is a special way of using tape to make a fastener.

0:03:30.797,0:03:34.655
And then you need these polyiso panel material

0:03:34.655,0:03:35.399
that they sell at any babas [?],

0:03:35.399,0:03:37.771
and that's all there is to it.

0:03:37.771,0:03:38.836
It's a really really simple system.

0:03:38.836,0:03:41.864
And all of this stuff you would look on the internet,

0:03:41.864,0:03:45.244
you can find the references for how to do these things.

0:03:45.275,0:03:46.218
Hexayurt in wood.

0:03:46.218,0:03:50.904
So, this really shows like how the thing is put together.

0:03:50.904,0:03:55.474
The wall is just a whole 1.2 x 2.4 panel.

0:03:55.474,0:03:59.157
And this is the standard size for all industrial sheet materials:

0:03:59.157,0:04:05.760
cardboard, plastic, wood, metal, sandwich panels,

0:04:05.760,0:04:06.805
can you think of anything else?

0:04:06.805,0:04:09.615
It's just the standard industrial size for materials.

0:04:09.615,0:04:12.029
The roof pieces are half of that size.

0:04:12.029,0:04:15.373
So you take a piece, you cut in half. Right?

0:04:15.373,0:04:18.020
If you happen to be making it in plywood,

0:04:18.020,0:04:22.966
you can take, you see these wooden blocks, light coloured sections?

0:04:22.966,0:04:24.563
So that's just a piece of 2-by-4 [wood]

0:04:24.563,0:04:25.898
that's been cut with a 30 degree angle on it,

0:04:25.898,0:04:30.303
and you screw the building together with those.

0:04:30.303,0:04:33.786
And you're done!

0:04:33.786,0:04:37.548
So, I mean, that's, thank you very much, that's the talk!

0:04:37.548,0:04:40.590
[audience laughs]

0:04:40.590,0:04:43.887
So, ok, there's a little more to it, right?

0:04:43.887,0:04:48.044
But, you know, I want to make the point that, actually, you know,

0:04:48.044,0:04:52.780
that picture is pretty much all there is to know about the basic hexayurt.

0:04:52.780,0:04:54.266
It's that simple.

0:04:54.266,0:04:58.098
If you happen to be making it using, you know, this kind of material,

0:04:58.098,0:05:01.511
you need to get tape and you need to know how to make a tape anchor.

0:05:01.511,0:05:03.508
If you're making it out of this kind of material,

0:05:03.508,0:05:05.389
you need to know how to make these little wooden blocks,

0:05:05.389,0:05:07.920
you need to know how to cut that much plywood and screw it.

0:05:07.920,0:05:10.753
But really this is all there is.

0:05:10.753,0:05:13.377
And then there's all the stuff [$$5:14$$ you worried] on top of it.

0:05:13.377,0:05:16.505
But the basics are so incredibly simple, that right now, in 5 minutes,

0:05:16.505,0:05:19.624
you've all aquired the basic knowledge of how to make hexayurts.

0:05:19.624,0:05:21.318
And if you had to figure out the actual details

0:05:21.318,0:05:24.569
to make them out of any given material,

0:05:24.569,0:05:27.680
you know, you're smart people, it's not going to take you very long.

0:05:27.680,0:05:29.822
It's an idea that spreads incredibly quickly.

0:05:29.822,0:05:33.044
So, this is the first hexayurt that was ever built.

0:05:33.044,0:05:35.784
You can see the solar panel that drives the cooling system.

0:05:35.784,0:05:37.781
The swamp cooler.

0:05:37.781,0:05:42.494
It's 1.2 meter squares that is made of, Burning Man 2003.

0:05:42.494,0:05:45.536
God that's a great party!

0:05:45.536,0:05:49.321
So, this is the configuration space of hexayurts, right?

0:05:49.321,0:05:51.875
You’ve seen the basic ones in two materials.

0:05:51.875,0:05:55.242
Geometry, the material choice and the construction technologies

0:05:55.242,0:05:57.727
are the 3 big variables.

0:05:57.727,0:06:02.737
So, this is the different kinds of hexayurts that exist:

0:06:02.737,0:06:03.560
that's a six-foot hexayurt

0:06:03.560,0:06:06.620
stretch hexayurt

0:06:06.620,0:06:10.567
pentayurt, which has a nice steep angle on the side [?] for dealing with snow

0:06:10.567,0:06:11.705
standard hexayurt

0:06:11.705,0:06:13.354
stretch hexayurt

0:06:13.354,0:06:15.351
double stretch

0:06:15.351,0:06:18.717
double-height double-stretch, alright,

0:06:18.717,0:06:20.997
and that's your configuration space.

0:06:20.997,0:06:24.499
Obviously you could connect the damn things together any way you like.

0:06:24.499,0:06:27.402
$$6:26$$. Big hive [worm?] type things pretty easy to do.

0:06:27.402,0:06:30.954
[Audience: make a giant "C" out of that]

0:06:30.954,0:06:34.449
Yes, you could make a giant "C" out of that pretty easily.

0:06:34.449,0:06:37.382
You could make a bunch of small Cs. I mean ...

0:06:37.382,0:06:40.451
[audience: "Does anybody see where this is going?"]

0:06:40.451,0:06:43.447
(laughs)

0:06:43.447,0:06:45.258
If you have enough hexayurts, you know,

0:06:45.258,0:06:49.879
you could make a big C in any font you liked.

0:06:49.879,0:06:51.713
[Audience: Now, what do we need to represent this form

0:06:51.713,0:06:53.805
that you see on the window behind you?]

0:06:53.805,0:06:58.563
One of those? I if you've got 4000 people coming, right?,

0:06:58.563,0:07:02.719
at 5 people per hexayurt gives you enough hexayurts

0:07:02.719,0:07:04.948
to do realize quite a high-res version.

0:07:04.948,0:07:06.806
[Audience: do you know that the original size of c-base

0:07:06.806,0:07:08.547
has a diameter of a mile?]

0:07:08.547,0:07:14.352
It's about the size of Burning Man. Entirely reasonable.

0:07:14.352,0:07:17.871
[332 people]

0:07:17.871,0:07:20.900
That's fine. You wind up with 400 hexayurts,

0:07:20.900,0:07:25.846
that's a 20x20 pixel array, you'll be fine!

0:07:25.846,0:07:27.658
So, other ways of constructing these things, right?

0:07:27.658,0:07:30.212
This is a kind that you make instead of with panels, with tubes.

0:07:30.212,0:07:33.370
So you have a frame like this.

0:07:33.370,0:07:37.448
The advantage this has over the standard geodesic dome

0:07:37.448,0:07:40.405
is there are only 2 connectors,

0:07:40.405,0:07:43.122
there are only two section pieces,

0:07:43.122,0:07:45.514
so the triangles are full length,

0:07:45.514,0:07:50.738
and the hexagon around the top are missing a few inches per piece,

0:07:50.738,0:07:52.178
a few centimeters per piece.

0:07:52.178,0:07:54.151
So it's only two components.

0:07:54.151,0:07:56.613
And the walls are vertical,

0:07:56.613,0:07:59.090
so you could take two of these units and connect them directly together

0:07:59.090,0:08:02.209
with no connection problem.

0:08:02.209,0:08:04.206
$$8:02$$ So you can actually have very modular pieces,

0:08:04.206,0:08:05.727
and the materials are sized in such a way

0:08:05.727,0:08:08.432
that you can make the fabric cover really easily.

0:08:08.432,0:08:10.220
This is the fabric cover instructions.

0:08:10.220,0:08:12.379
And you could make zero waste cover,

0:08:12.379,0:08:15.235
if you want to go down the route of having frame.

0:08:15.235,0:08:18.532
We're also at the point, cos the project started by 2003,

0:08:18.532,0:08:22.387
and by 2011 we've also got new designs that came from other people.

0:08:22.387,0:08:24.895
This is a thing called the h13

0:08:24.895,0:08:28.099
and you can see it's still using full sheets and half sheets.

0:08:28.099,0:08:30.700
And there's this corner thing you do at the front

0:08:30.700,0:08:33.718
that gives you a full 2.4 meter entryway.

0:08:33.718,0:08:36.435
Cos the conventional hexayurt has a low entry way,

0:08:36.435,0:08:37.503
which is a pain in the arse.

0:08:37.503,0:08:39.815
This one has a high entry way so it's easy to walk in and out

0:08:39.815,0:08:42.379
and it's only one more panel.

0:08:42.379,0:08:47.023
This is one that was made for a party for Canada in the middle of winter.

0:08:47.023,0:08:49.670
It's actually quite a clever piece of engineering.

0:08:49.670,0:08:54.523
It's 2 sheets of thin plywood sandwiched around some insulation foam

0:08:54.523,0:08:57.635
and you see the yellow band around the side?

0:08:57.635,0:09:00.955
It's the webbing strap that you use in a truck to hold the load on it.

0:09:00.955,0:09:02.232
That's being used as a tension rim

0:09:02.232,0:09:04.044
to stop the building fall into pieces.

0:09:04.044,0:09:06.514
So probably you'd open that strap

0:09:06.514,0:09:07.222
and you take the building down again.

0:09:07.222,0:09:10.615
[Audience: Pure genius!]

0:09:10.615,0:09:13.540
Right? But, you know, that stuff is like 20 dollars a strap

0:09:13.540,0:09:18.138
and it's a breaking strain of 8 tons, so why not use it for construction?

0:09:18.138,0:09:22.828
Laziness, hubris and impatience!

0:09:22.828,0:09:25.499
Can you imagine a lazier building for the middle of Canada?

0:09:25.499,0:09:28.007
Could it possibly have more impatience?

0:09:28.007,0:09:33.556
$$9:30$$... building materials … strap off a truck, dude!

0:09:33.556,0:09:35.181
Then, take a look at this structure.

0:09:35.181,0:09:37.086
This is longer on the hubris side.

0:09:37.086,0:09:38.966
So there's your standard hexayurt in the middle,

0:09:38.966,0:09:42.844
and then there's these two dirty grey big domes.

0:09:42.844,0:09:47.691
Look at the size of these things. 45 square meters for 30 sheets worth of material

0:09:47.691,0:09:53.270
so the ratio of material to surface area:

0:09:53.270,0:09:55.360
Each board is 3 meters,

0:09:55.360,0:10:01.559
it needs 30 boards so you get 90 meters worth of materials for 45 meters of space

0:10:01.559,0:10:03.788
{10:00} The thing is basically a perfect hemisphere.

0:10:03.788,0:10:07.922
And it only uses whole boards and half boards.

0:10:07.922,0:10:11.126
So all those shapes are 1.2 x 2.4 meter boards

0:10:11.126,0:10:14.609
either cut in half or used full. Right?

0:10:14.609,0:10:20.902
Woo! Suddenly you're beginning to talk about really big construction

0:10:20.902,0:10:23.433
with zero waste and no screwing around.

0:10:23.433,0:10:27.148
And because all of these hexayurts are using the same components,

0:10:27.148,0:10:28.683
imagine you've got a standard kit of parts,

0:10:28.683,0:10:31.616
and you rearrange the buildings you need for a given event,

0:10:31.616,0:10:34.499
now we need lots of small ones, now we need some big domes.

0:10:34.499,0:10:37.715
It's all the same connectors, it's all the same panel sizes.

0:10:37.715,0:10:42.478
It's a flexible architecture. Interesting things happen.

0:10:42.478,0:10:42.978
And I want to make a point:

0:10:42.978,0:10:46.792
The reason that Buckminster Fuller didn't get to this stuff is that

0:10:46.792,0:10:49.369
Buckminster Fuller was optimising for the wrong thing.

0:10:49.369,0:10:52.411
He was optimising for minimum mass

0:10:52.411,0:10:54.849
which is of course what you want in a space station.

0:10:54.849,0:10:59.447
If you've got a mass-dependent drive technology in zero-g,

0:10:59.447,0:11:01.444
mass is your critical factor.

0:11:01.444,0:11:05.600
But, if you're operating on the ground in the gravity well $$11:04$$

0:11:05.600,0:11:08.224
with standard materials from an industrial supply chain,

0:11:08.224,0:11:09.872
you’re looking for a different optimisation.

0:11:09.872,0:11:12.164
You don't want minimal mass, you want minimal waste.

0:11:12.164,0:11:14.284
And that means using a different branch of maths,

0:11:14.284,0:11:16.420
in this case it's concave tiling.

0:11:16.420,0:11:19.369
So it's the same mathematics as for things like Penrose tiles

0:11:19.369,0:11:22.342
to figure out wether you can get it tight.

0:11:22.342,0:11:25.248
We get back to the hubris part:

0:11:25.248,0:11:27.140
I think if we'd had this technology in the 1960's,

0:11:27.140,0:11:29.203
the hippies would have won.

0:11:29.203,0:11:33.650
Because the problem with geodesic domes was that

0:11:33.650,0:11:36.784
the damn thing's really hard to build and would always leaked!

0:11:36.784,0:11:41.591
So all the communes failed because they couldn't afford to build houses! Right?

0:11:41.591,0:11:43.565
[Audience: (laughs) Interesting theory!]

0:11:43.565,0:11:45.863
Places like Drop City, all of the houses leaked,

0:11:45.863,0:11:47.651
everybody was unhappy,

0:11:47.651,0:11:49.904
people just decided to go back to the suburbs

0:11:49.904,0:11:51.367
because they wanted a house that didn't leak.

0:11:51.367,0:11:53.178
I'm telling you: this is the technology of victory.

0:11:53.178,0:11:55.802
This is how the freaks take over the Earth.

0:11:55.802,0:11:59.679
You know, look at the size of that dome, right?

0:11:59.679,0:12:01.792
There are plans on thingiverse

0:12:01.792,0:12:04.300
to download laser-cut plans to make these domes,

0:12:04.300,0:12:07.946
if you just look for "nearodesic" or "hexayurt".

0:12:07.946,0:12:10.407
Look at how big [compared to] the standard hexayurt.

0:12:10.407,0:12:13.704
It's huge. You should $$12:11$$ build four of them [?]

0:12:13.704,0:12:18.033
You know, this notion of having a single panel repository,

0:12:18.033,0:12:19.088
where you can reconfigure the buildings if you want,

0:12:19.088,0:12:20.216
using the same basic components,

0:12:20.216,0:12:24.176
I think that is the way that this stuff is gonna go.

0:12:24.176,0:12:26.972
I don't know how to make the panel connectors yet, to make it possible,

0:12:26.972,0:12:29.106
but when we figure out how to do that,

0:12:29.106,0:12:33.186
then imagine just being able to rent from some central service

0:12:33.186,0:12:36.878
you know, 27 panels, for 4 domes you're going to use for the weekend

0:12:36.878,0:12:38.677
and then give them back on monday morning.

0:12:38.693,0:12:39.778
Configurable building.

0:12:39.778,0:12:42.892
So we've covered the geometry.

0:12:42.892,0:12:45.836
Everybody agrees pretty large configurations based on geometry?

0:12:45.836,0:12:47.048
Wait till we get to the materials.

0:12:47.048,0:12:51.344
[sound-engineer: Please, get closer to the microphone. Thank you.]

0:12:51.344,0:12:54.107
So these are the materials we've done already.

0:12:54.107,0:12:56.452
And it's basically anything we could get our hands on,

0:12:56.452,0:13:01.862
you take a look at it, "Yeah, I could make a hexayurt out of that".

0:13:01.862,0:13:05.415
the connection technology changes a little depending on your material.

0:13:05.415,0:13:07.832
Ok, you know, this one is heavy, we're gonna use bolts.

0:13:07.832,0:13:08.983
That one is light, we're gonna use tape.

0:13:08.983,0:13:12.126
Maybe we could make some more metal connectors.

0:13:12.126,0:13:14.633
You just sort of look at your material, you figure out your connector,

0:13:14.633,0:13:18.116
and you apply the connector to the material, and there's your hexayurt.

0:13:18.116,0:13:20.183
We haven't done very much with metal,

0:13:20.183,0:13:22.551
because it's expensive and it's a pain in the arse.

0:13:22.551,0:13:25.523
We haven't done very much with structured insulating panels,

0:13:25.523,0:13:28.426
because they are expensive and it's a pain in the arse.

0:13:28.426,0:13:31.166
The really hot thing we haven't done yet,

0:13:31.166,0:13:34.510
that I'm really eager to do, is ferrocement or spray concrete.

0:13:34.510,0:13:36.089
You know concrete sprays?

0:13:36.089,0:13:37.482
[Audience Yeah]

0:13:37.482,0:13:38.478
Ok, so, imagine you -

0:13:38.478,0:13:39.141
[Audience: No, I don't know]

0:13:39.141,0:13:42.394
Ok, so you put concrete in a big sprayer and you spray it.

0:13:42.394,0:13:43.007
[audience laughs]

0:13:43.007,0:13:46.677
It turns out to be a lot harder than that in practice.

0:13:46.677,0:13:48.372
In fact there are companies that come and

0:13:48.372,0:13:50.415
spray your things with concrete for you, right?

0:13:50.415,0:13:51.622
Your neighbour has a car that's really annoying you,

0:13:51.622,0:13:54.411
you come, you tell 'em which car and you have it sprayed.

0:13:54.411,0:13:55.068
[audience laughs]

0:13:55.068,0:14:00.586
So you build one of these hexayurts out of this light-weight foam material.

0:14:00.586,0:14:02.722
You spray with concrete on the outside,

0:14:02.722,0:14:04.742
you spray with concrete on the inside,

0:14:04.742,0:14:08.182
now you have a highly insulated concrete permanent building.

0:14:08.198,0:14:11.244
And it's only 1 cm of concrete inside and out,

0:14:11.244,0:14:13.055
so the building is still relatively light,

0:14:13.055,0:14:16.538
so you can do things like put hexayurts on top of existing buildings. Right?

0:14:16.538,0:14:19.979
Now, you know, this has potential, nobody's done it yet.

0:14:19.979,0:14:26.592
Actually, so, there's something about printing designs on corrugated plastic.

0:14:26.592,0:14:27.892
Highly printable materials have [?] corrugated plastics.

0:14:27.892,0:14:30.972
You can print anything you want outside the hexayurt.

0:14:30.972,0:14:34.928
So imagine taking a picture of the place,

0:14:34.928,0:14:37.134
doing the 3D projection to know exactly

0:14:37.134,0:14:39.107
what you've got to put on each side of the hexayurt,

0:14:39.107,0:14:41.058
and then printing a camouflaged hexayurt

0:14:41.058,0:14:41.905
which is completely invisible

0:14:41.905,0:14:43.149
because it looks like you are looking straight through it.

0:14:43.149,0:14:46.863
All of this is possible.

0:14:46.863,0:14:48.999
Ok, construction techniques.

0:14:48.999,0:14:52.134
[audience: That only works from a single point of view.]

0:14:52.134,0:14:54.591
Well, maybe, the eye is very lazy,

0:14:54.591,0:14:57.126
so it's posible that we'd get something that works from multiple points of view

0:14:57.126,0:15:00.772
and it looked a little bit wrong as you walk along one side

0:15:00.772,0:15:02.724
and you wouldn't really notice.

0:15:02.724,0:15:05.515
{15:00} But I don't know: nobody's tried it so we've got to do some experiments, right?

0:15:05.515,0:15:09.572
So, there are lots of different ways of doing this stuff

0:15:09.572,0:15:11.708
depending on whether you want to be just a one-off unit,

0:15:11.708,0:15:13.682
whether if you want it to be folding,

0:15:13.682,0:15:15.364
whether you want it to be folding as a single component,

0:15:15.364,0:15:19.603
again it's a big configuration space.

0:15:19.603,0:15:22.459
This is a completely folding hexayurt unit

0:15:22.459,0:15:26.314
that was built by some German army dudes in Stuttgart for an exercise.

0:15:26.314,0:15:28.636
[Audience laughs]

0:15:28.636,0:15:30.772
Oh, yeah, the military love this hexayurt.

0:15:30.772,0:15:33.419
They are super into them.

0:15:33.419,0:15:36.205
Which is a long story.

0:15:36.205,0:15:40.153
So, you know, that building thing is a single module

0:15:40.153,0:15:44.565
and I've got some video in here I can show you the video in a second.

0:15:44.565,0:15:49.441
Or if you just go to http://hexayurt.com/fold there's all the folding hexayurts there.

0:15:49.441,0:15:51.531
This a different kind of folding hexayurt

0:15:51.531,0:15:54.549
so this one is much bigger and it's two components:

0:15:54.549,0:15:57.614
The triangles are the roof and the walls are the walls -

0:15:57.614,0:16:00.772
rectangles are the walls.

0:16:00.772,0:16:03.360
So the whole roof is this single star thing

0:16:03.360,0:16:07.725
and then you pull this star-thing open and there is your roof.

0:16:07.725,0:16:11.453
And this happens to be built inside a gigantic geodesic dome in Eindhoven.

0:16:11.453,0:16:16.074
$$16:11$$ Which is built ... might remember ... Red Cross ...

0:16:16.074,0:16:20.114
So, this is kind of where I see the future of this whole project, right.

0:16:20.114,0:16:23.205
Because it's open hardware it's beginning to be comercialized.

0:16:23.205,0:16:24.972
There is a resale market in America for hexayurts.

0:16:24.972,0:16:27.963
So people build them for Burning Man and sell them afterwards

0:16:27.963,0:16:32.955
and the market value seems to be 500$ a unit.

0:16:32.955,0:16:36.299
Getting to this point where you can spray the damn things and make them permanent,

0:16:36.299,0:16:38.179
it's gonna be the way to do this.

0:16:38.179,0:16:41.384
That opens up a whole new set of terrain.

0:16:41.384,0:16:44.844
Also rural squatting, so you take a van,

0:16:44.844,0:16:46.811
you put 12 hexayurts in the back as a foldup

0:16:46.811,0:16:47.396
You drive out to an abandoned farm.

0:16:47.396,0:16:50.114
You live in them for 3 months.

0:16:50.114,0:16:52.439
Somebody comes and servest you a court order and says you must leave.

0:16:52.439,0:16:55.641
You put them back in the van, and you drive 30 miles down the road.

0:16:55.641,0:16:59.913
It's all [?]

0:16:59.913,0:17:01.678
This is also a really important detail:

0:17:01.678,0:17:04.882
Ultraviolet light eats everything.

0:17:04.882,0:17:08.714
So the big advantage of the hexayurt is that we use a foil surface.

0:17:08.714,0:17:11.361
You know these foil surface panels.

0:17:11.361,0:17:14.124
That stuff will last a really long time in the outdoors.

0:17:14.124,0:17:17.003
So the ability to have rigid buildings that last a long time

0:17:17.003,0:17:19.488
because they've got an appropriate UV protective surface

0:17:19.488,0:17:21.508
is really key to getting this stuff to work,

0:17:21.508,0:17:23.458
if you want multi-year buildings.

0:17:23.458,0:17:27.824
Because UV will ruin any kind of plastic eventually.

0:17:27.824,0:17:30.958
And this thin shell concrete thing, you know, that's gonna come.

0:17:30.958,0:17:32.561
So that's the hexayurt part.

0:17:32.561,0:17:35.765
Let me show you two other cool things.

0:17:35.765,0:17:42.313
Cheap ID is a barcode and crypto-based solution for managing digital identites.

0:17:42.313,0:17:44.263
You take a passport.

0:17:44.263,0:17:47.328
You generate some digital signature that you have seen the passport.

0:17:47.328,0:17:48.922
You put the digital signature on a piece of paper

0:17:48.922,0:17:52.135
together with a jpeg of somebody's face

0:17:52.135,0:17:54.202
And then you have an anonymous digital identity

0:17:54.202,0:17:56.611
that's still $$17.57$$ [pa??] by nation-state credentials.

0:17:56.611,0:17:57.582
What you would do with that, I don't know.

0:17:57.582,0:18:01.144
But you’re smart people you'll find a use.

0:18:01.144,0:18:03.443
Got be some use for it, right,

0:18:03.443,0:18:06.694
like ID-cards for things where you want people to get in

0:18:06.694,0:18:08.383
but you don't want necesarly to reveal anything

0:18:08.383,0:18:10.788
other than the fact that somebody’s allowed there.

0:18:10.788,0:18:17.131
And there's this thing which is the dartboard of death.

0:18:17.131,0:18:19.638
O<i>Death</i>.

0:18:19.638,0:18:29.627
[audience: Yeah I perfectly understood that part,

0:18:29.627,0:18:32.080
you can also call it the dartboard of <i>doom</i>]

0:18:32.080,0:18:35.371
Dartboard of <i>doom</i>.

0:18:35.371,0:18:38.184
(voices acting like Lord vader)

0:18:38.184,0:18:39.671
Let me explain this before we get silly.

0:18:39.671,0:18:44.775
There's only six ways people die:

0:18:44.775,0:18:47.793
too hot, too cold, hunger, thirst, illness, injury.

0:18:47.793,0:18:51.114
And the services that protect you from dying of these things

0:18:51.114,0:18:54.155
are split through different levels of society.

0:18:54.155,0:18:57.638
Individual person, household, village,

0:18:57.638,0:19:03.536
community or city, region, country and world, right.

0:19:03.536,0:19:06.694
So you have this notion of a stack of interlocking services

0:19:06.694,0:19:08.482
that provides the essential services.

0:19:08.482,0:19:11.129
This is a design tool that I've used when I was thinking about

0:19:11.129,0:19:12.894
doing things for war refugees camps.

0:19:12.894,0:19:14.635
So it's a way of figuring out that we have actually

0:19:14.635,0:19:18.470
covered out all the essential needs within the concept of core technologies.

0:19:18.470,0:19:22.368
So this is sitting out there, again, this is under the creative commons license.

0:19:22.368,0:19:25.386
It models everything up to and including state failures.

0:19:25.386,0:19:28.405
There is no software support for it yet, so we do it all with spreadsheets.

0:19:28.405,0:19:31.725
Spreadsheets suck.

0:19:31.725,0:19:34.535
So this is a really useful analysis tool,

0:19:34.535,0:19:36.973
and its the kind of thing that we are tryin to begin to think

0:19:36.973,0:19:39.295
to develop some kind of software to support.

0:19:39.295,0:19:42.430
If anyone’s interested in this stuff, give me a shout.

0:19:42.430,0:19:46.702
So, that was it.

0:19:46.702,0:19:49.001
I'll turn off recorders and I'll take questions?

0:19:49.001,0:19:51.486
[voice: Yes, sure]

0:19:51.486,0:19:52.975
You want to see the folding videos?

0:19:52.975,0:20:00.054
OK, hang a second.

0:20:00.054,0:20:04.071
I don't think I have put this machine on the network.

0:20:04.071,0:20:52.383
(silence)

0:20:52.383,0:21:04.083
There's the crap animation GIF

0:21:04.099,0:21:06.922
Have you seen this by the way?

0:21:06.922,0:21:15.193
It's a 15 euro USB chargeable, awful awful horrible quality loud-speaker.

0:21:15.193,0:21:18.051
But they are incredibly loud and they're dirt cheap.

0:21:18.051,0:21:24.970
Now I can show you, let's see...

0:21:24.970,0:21:28.081
So this is the German army dudes video.

0:21:28.081,0:21:40.129
(silence)

0:21:40.129,0:21:51.870
{21:50 or so} What? No! Go away!

0:21:51.870,0:21:55.318
[video: Shall we try again (laughs).

0:21:55.318,0:21:59.869
One of these days, we'll get just the right angle

0:21:59.869,0:22:01.703
and we’ll understand how to make it work,

0:22:01.703,0:22:06.208
and once we understand why, then it will be easy.

0:22:06.208,0:22:11.305
Understanding counts, understanding counts.

0:22:11.305,0:22:28.545
open-close, one-two-three]

0:22:28.545,0:22:33.886
It’s called polyiso, polyiso.

0:22:33.886,0:22:35.043
[So, what makes it so hard?]

0:22:35.043,0:22:35.817
It's a cheap insulation board.

0:22:35.817,0:22:41.734
[I don't know either, that's why I'm asking you.

0:22:41.734,0:22:52.230
Ok, so let’s give that a try.

0:22:52.230,0:22:58.081
Yes, oo, ok, you got it.

0:22:58.081,0:23:01.053
Now, what did we do that made it easy that time?

0:23:01.053,0:23:03.468
[mumble] oposite ends [?]]

0:23:03.468,0:23:06.417
This is the red cross, one,

0:23:06.417,0:23:09.459
The prototype we did for the Red Cross.

0:23:09.459,0:23:15.264
Sorry it's an animated GIF, there's video but it's really slow.

0:23:15.264,0:23:22.253
This is a smaller size that someone did at Burning Man.

0:23:22.253,0:23:53.368
(silence)

0:23:53.368,0:24:09.413
And that's -

0:24:09.413,0:24:16.575
{24:10} [Roof herd - retreat! Not through the puddle.

0:24:16.575,0:24:17.465
Your feet are gonna get wet.

0:24:17.465,0:24:18.806
Go around, go around!

0:24:18.806,0:24:21.170
Oh, what are we gonna do! Okey!]

0:24:21.170,0:24:26.201
So this one we had material that was 3 meters by 1.8 meters.

0:24:26.201,0:24:30.404
So we modified the design slightly and wound up with this huge structure.

0:24:30.404,0:24:32.935
It's like 24 or 30 square meters in size.

0:24:32.935,0:24:34.490
Just enormous.

0:24:34.490,0:24:45.195
[wall ... 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 ... that will be the problem ...]

0:24:45.195,0:24:51.910
There's the sixth side! [wall ... Okey?]

0:24:51.926,0:24:56.967
[Does that look about right? Looks about right to me.

0:24:56.967,0:24:59.429
Ok, so, roof folks!

0:24:59.429,0:25:00.845
Now, here we're gonna have a bit of a problem

0:25:00.845,0:25:04.723
because we don’t want the bottom of the roof to get wet, do we?

0:25:04.723,0:25:10.133
So we're gonna get everybody and we're gonna open the roof in mid-air. Ok?

0:25:10.133,0:25:12.336
Does that sound remotely possible?]

0:25:12.351,0:25:13.784
So this is another clever thing that we've learned.

0:25:13.784,0:25:17.122
Which is what I call "gang carry".

0:25:17.122,0:25:19.212
So, if everybody involved in the lift is carrying

0:25:19.212,0:25:22.556
less than about 10 kilos, maybe 15,

0:25:22.556,0:25:25.690
you get very very fine motor control of the lift,

0:25:25.690,0:25:28.128
regardless of how heavy the object is.

0:25:28.128,0:25:31.286
So you can actually take a hexayurt that's made of plywood, right?

0:25:31.286,0:25:34.955
It's 12 sheets of plywood, 3/4 of an inch thick,

0:25:34.955,0:25:38.717
and you can lift it with 4 people or 3 people on each side,

0:25:38.717,0:25:41.457
so you got a gang of 18-25 people doing the lift,

0:25:41.457,0:25:43.593
and you can just pick them up and walk with them

0:25:43.593,0:25:44.777
because it's got so many people lifting it

0:25:44.777,0:25:47.262
that each individual person is only taking a little weight.

0:25:47.262,0:25:52.440
And that turns out to be a important technique light-weight construction.

0:25:52.440,0:25:54.181
And it's very hard to get people to do

0:25:54.181,0:25:57.223
because everybody expects lifting a heavy object to be hard work.

0:25:57.223,0:26:01.890
And the idea of using so many people to lift it the heavy object becomes easy.

0:26:01.890,0:26:11.550
People can’t get their heads around until they've done it.

0:26:11.550,0:26:13.872
Everybody's looking confused: "shouldn’t this be heavier?

0:26:13.872,0:26:18.678
What are we supposed to be doing here?"

0:26:18.678,0:26:20.164
I and then you start moving

0:26:20.164,0:26:31.774
and instinctively everybody tends to coordinate and it just sort of works.

0:26:31.774,0:26:40.427
(mumble) See, we‘re on ice here. It's quite -

0:26:40.427,0:26:41.892
[Now comes the tricky part.]

0:26:41.892,0:26:45.474
So people have to feel off the front [?] run around,

0:26:45.474,0:26:48.632
go inside, then take the [?] back again.

0:26:48.632,0:26:51.372
It is very slow, very careful movement.

0:26:51.372,0:26:52.812
But you can do it even in plywood,

0:26:52.812,0:27:04.292
even if the material is really heavy, it still works.

0:27:04.292,0:27:08.415
[Audience: I see. No door?]

0:27:08.415,0:27:14.669
No, you don’t do windows and doors in hexayurts, so we say.

0:27:14.684,0:27:17.127
So, it’s a kind of ritual,

0:27:17.127,0:27:19.639
putting the roof on,

0:27:19.639,0:27:20.597
taping the roof in place,

0:27:20.597,0:27:22.292
and then cutting the door.

0:27:22.292,0:27:25.645
We kind of do if for fun, but it’s a really nice moment.

0:27:25.645,0:27:27.593
[audience: ???]

0:27:27.593,0:27:37.765
If you've got a space station you can use transport ... fine.

0:27:37.765,0:27:40.929
[I have a question.

0:27:40.929,0:27:49.613
for the geodesics stuff ... material]

0:27:49.613,0:27:53.323
I’ll tell you what:

0:27:53.323,0:27:55.164
when I turn off the cameras and recorders

0:27:55.164,0:27:57.182
you guys be comfortable and ask me questions,

0:27:57.182,0:27:58.803
then we’ll take questions.

0:27:58.803,0:28:02.377
So, thank you![br]