WEBVTT 00:00:01.510 --> 00:00:04.486 [ APPLAUSE, CHEERING... ] 00:00:15.861 --> 00:00:23.711 [ GAIL DRAKES ] Right? Right? Yeah. Let me just say, I agree completely. 00:00:23.711 --> 00:00:25.554 I so approve that message. 00:00:25.554 --> 00:00:26.864 [ LAUGHTER ] 00:00:26.864 --> 00:00:28.528 So good afternoon. 00:00:28.528 --> 00:00:30.910 I'd like to welcome you all to this afternoon's event, 00:00:30.910 --> 00:00:33.721 "Black Female Voices, Who is Listening?", 00:00:33.721 --> 00:00:37.282 a public dialogue between bell hooks and Melissa Harris-Perry, 00:00:37.282 --> 00:00:42.365 the last public event in bell hooks' week-long residency at The New School. 00:00:42.365 --> 00:00:43.536 My name is Gail Drakes, 00:00:43.536 --> 00:00:46.447 and I am the director of the Office of Social Justice Initiatives, 00:00:46.447 --> 00:00:49.492 housed within the Office of the Provost, here in The New School. 00:00:49.492 --> 00:00:52.123 The office seeks to both support and amplify 00:00:52.123 --> 00:00:56.450 the efforts of those who are working throughout the university to more fully realize 00:00:56.450 --> 00:01:01.261 the New Schools progressive vision as reflected in all aspects of our institution. 00:01:01.261 --> 00:01:03.689 Having just arrived in The New School in August, 00:01:03.689 --> 00:01:07.806 I can say that the bell hooks residency has been a highlight in my time here. 00:01:07.806 --> 00:01:11.306 And that is not only thanks to insights shared at various events this week, 00:01:11.306 --> 00:01:15.834 but because of the excitement it's generated within the New School community. 00:01:15.834 --> 00:01:19.262 In the week leading up to the residency, it seemed that at any given moment, 00:01:19.262 --> 00:01:22.110 just walking down the street, or entering an elevator, 00:01:22.110 --> 00:01:27.448 you could very likely overhear conversations and reflections amongst students, faculty, and staff, 00:01:27.448 --> 00:01:29.622 on bell hooks and her work. 00:01:29.622 --> 00:01:33.122 So it is my hope that while this week-long residency is ending, 00:01:33.122 --> 00:01:37.085 that those conversations and reflections on the significance of bell hooks' work 00:01:37.085 --> 00:01:40.770 can continue and expand here at The New School. 00:01:40.770 --> 00:01:43.297 Of course, I would like to thank- I would like us all to thank 00:01:43.297 --> 00:01:46.506 those who made this event possible, and the entire residency possible. 00:01:46.506 --> 00:01:48.381 So please join me in a round of applause for 00:01:48.381 --> 00:01:51.065 Stephanie Browner, Dean of Eugene Lang College, 00:01:51.065 --> 00:01:57.510 Judy Pryor-Ramirez and Catherine Smith of Lang Office of Civic Engagement and Social Justice, 00:01:57.510 --> 00:01:59.434 Heather O'Brien, assistant to the Dean, 00:01:59.434 --> 00:02:03.625 and everyone at both Berea and the New School who helped coordinate these events. 00:02:03.625 --> 00:02:10.449 [ APPLAUSE ] 00:02:10.449 --> 00:02:13.539 I do have to announce a small change in our schedule. 00:02:13.539 --> 00:02:17.406 Unfortunately, our guests do have to leave immediately after the conversation, 00:02:17.406 --> 00:02:20.618 and regret that they will not be able to sign books as planned, 00:02:20.618 --> 00:02:25.509 but I am very grateful that we're going to still be able to enjoy the conversation. 00:02:25.509 --> 00:02:27.585 So I have the honor of introducing these women, 00:02:27.585 --> 00:02:31.809 who I know for so many of us in the room, truly need no introduction. 00:02:31.809 --> 00:02:37.562 But then I am still very pleased to offer this reminder of the accomplishment of our guest today. 00:02:37.562 --> 00:02:41.587 bell hooks is among the leading public intellectuals of her generation. 00:02:41.587 --> 00:02:47.671 Born in Hopkinsville, Kentucky, in 1952, she grew up in a working-class family with six siblings. 00:02:47.671 --> 00:02:51.410 hooks received her B.A. from Stanford University in 1973, 00:02:51.410 --> 00:02:54.869 her M.A. in 1976 from the University of Wisconsin, 00:02:54.869 --> 00:02:59.344 and her Ph.D. in 1983 from the University of California Santa Cruz, 00:02:59.344 --> 00:03:02.338 with her dissertation on author Toni Morrison. 00:03:02.338 --> 00:03:08.172 Her use of a pseudonym is intended to honor both her grandmother, whose name she took, & her mother. 00:03:08.172 --> 00:03:13.624 While her name's unconventional lower-casing signifies what is most important in her works-- 00:03:13.624 --> 00:03:18.135 "the substance of books, not who I am". 00:03:18.135 --> 00:03:21.215 hooks' writing cover a broad range of topics 00:03:21.215 --> 00:03:27.547 including teaching, gender, class, and race-- the idea of a white supremacist capitalist patriarchy. 00:03:27.547 --> 00:03:31.184 She strongly believes that these topics cannot be dealt with separately, 00:03:31.184 --> 00:03:34.388 but must be understood as interconnected and linked 00:03:34.388 --> 00:03:38.741 in the production and perpetuation of systems of oppression and class domination. 00:03:38.741 --> 00:03:42.800 A prevalent topic in her most recent writing is community and communion-- 00:03:42.800 --> 00:03:47.616 the ability of loving communities to overcome race, class, and gender inequalities. 00:03:47.616 --> 00:03:49.627 hooks has written over 30 books, 00:03:49.627 --> 00:03:54.554 including personal memoirs, poetry collections, and children's books, 00:03:54.554 --> 00:03:57.425 as well as numerous scholarly and mainstream articles. 00:03:57.425 --> 00:04:02.139 She has taught in several colleges and universities, lectured widely in public forums, 00:04:02.139 --> 00:04:06.223 and appeared in several documentary films. 00:04:10.129 --> 00:04:22.197 Mmm. [ LAUGHTER ] It's a bell hooks bio, a lot going on there! I gotta hydrate! [LAUGHTER ] 00:04:22.197 --> 00:04:29.084 Melissa Harris-Perry is the host of MSNBC's Melissa Harris-Perry. [ CHEERING ] 00:04:29.084 --> 00:04:32.681 The show airs on Saturdays and Sundays, which some of you seem to know, probably, 00:04:32.681 --> 00:04:35.849 from 10 AM to noon, Eastern time. 00:04:35.849 --> 00:04:39.544 Harris-Perry is a professor of political science at Tulane University, 00:04:39.544 --> 00:04:41.302 where she's the founding director of 00:04:41.302 --> 00:04:45.266 the Anna Julia Cooper Project on Gender, Race, & Politics In The South. 00:04:45.266 --> 00:04:47.947 Harris-Perry is author of the well-received new book 00:04:47.947 --> 00:04:53.820 "Sister Citizen: Shame, Stereotypes, and Black Women in America", published by Yale 2011, 00:04:53.820 --> 00:04:55.415 and the award-winning text 00:04:55.415 --> 00:05:00.157 "Barbershops, Bibles, and BET: Everyday Talk and Black Political Thought", 00:05:00.157 --> 00:05:03.034 published by Princeton University Press in 2004. 00:05:03.034 --> 00:05:06.152 Professor Harris-Perry is a columnist for The Nation Magazine, 00:05:06.152 --> 00:05:09.985 where she writes a monthly column, also titled "Sister Citizen". 00:05:09.985 --> 00:05:12.331 She lives in New Orleans with her husband, James Perry, 00:05:12.331 --> 00:05:16.096 and is a mother of a terrific daughter, Parker. 00:05:16.096 --> 00:05:20.728 While these bios offer considerable insight into all they've done, 00:05:20.728 --> 00:05:23.855 they can't fully represent the effect they've had on so many. 00:05:23.855 --> 00:05:27.562 Melissa Harris-Perry, Empress of Nerdland, 00:05:27.562 --> 00:05:30.680 check out her #nerdland hashtag on Twitter if you don't know what I mean, 00:05:30.680 --> 00:05:35.498 has used her show on MSNBC to expand the notion of what is political, 00:05:35.498 --> 00:05:41.169 and to amplify the voices of those we rarely, if ever, see represented on cable news. 00:05:41.169 --> 00:05:45.052 She brings the full force of her passion, personality, and intellect to her show, 00:05:45.052 --> 00:05:49.727 and changed what we thought was possible on a cable news show. 00:05:49.727 --> 00:05:55.095 And bell hooks. [ LAUGHING ] 00:05:55.095 --> 00:06:00.797 There are many ways to determine the reach and power of someone's work as a writer and academic. 00:06:00.797 --> 00:06:07.117 Often we think about number of reviews, the number of times one is cited by other scholars, etc. 00:06:07.117 --> 00:06:09.948 But to understand the significance of bell hooks' work, 00:06:09.948 --> 00:06:14.981 you must think in terms of the number of lives touched and world-views transformed. 00:06:14.981 --> 00:06:19.205 While I navigate a society that offers such a painfully narrow representation 00:06:19.205 --> 00:06:21.664 of who can be a public intellectual, 00:06:21.664 --> 00:06:24.945 I take heart and remember that it has been bell hooks' books 00:06:24.945 --> 00:06:29.673 that I've so often seen in the hands of Black Women, as they would ride the bus home from work. 00:06:29.673 --> 00:06:34.123 And it was the insight from her books, dog-eared, re-read, and well-loved, 00:06:34.123 --> 00:06:39.843 that helped inform the work of a generation of cultural workers, activists, and feminist scholars, 00:06:39.843 --> 00:06:42.224 who are now impressive in their own right. 00:06:42.224 --> 00:06:46.753 So I just want to say, both personally and on behalf of all of us assembled here, 00:06:46.753 --> 00:06:52.071 a sincere thank you to both of these women for all the ways in which they've served to help us 00:06:52.071 --> 00:06:58.238 re-imagine what is possible at the intersection of education, public life, and the struggle for freedom. 00:06:58.238 --> 00:07:02.956 And thank you for giving us all the opportunity to listen in to this conversation today. 00:07:02.956 --> 00:07:06.627 Everyone, please help me welcome bell hooks & Melissa Harris-Perry. 00:07:06.627 --> 00:07:09.752 [ APPLAUSE & CHEERING... ] 00:07:27.133 --> 00:07:31.556 [ bell hooks ] I'm not used to being with a celebrity. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:07:31.556 --> 00:07:34.550 [ Melissa Harris-Perry ] Oh! [ LAUGHTER ] Yeah, I'm pretty sure in this crowd, you're the celebrity. 00:07:34.550 --> 00:07:35.894 [ BOTH LAUGHING ] 00:07:35.894 --> 00:07:37.974 So we were trying to figure out how to get started 00:07:37.974 --> 00:07:43.868 and I wanted to start by just picking up on that last insight about the fact that 00:07:43.868 --> 00:07:47.895 none of us come to Black Feminism except through you. 00:07:47.895 --> 00:07:57.383 And it--I was just recently on the campus of Bennett College, in Greensboro North Carolina, 00:07:57.383 --> 00:07:59.426 and it was a kind of a wonderful moment like this, 00:07:59.426 --> 00:08:04.096 where I rarely get a chance--where I was standing and looking out over the chapel and... 00:08:04.096 --> 00:08:10.513 and it was all African-American women and girls and all of the faculty, in their academic regalia, 00:08:10.513 --> 00:08:12.308 was kind of a great moment. 00:08:12.308 --> 00:08:15.043 But one of the freshman came up to me afterward 00:08:15.043 --> 00:08:18.376 and put her hand on my arm and fairly breathlessly said, 00:08:18.376 --> 00:08:21.534 [whispering] "Have you read bell hooks?" 00:08:21.856 --> 00:08:33.959 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] Um-- and I thought, "Uh-huh. Yep." [ LAUGHING ] 00:08:33.959 --> 00:08:41.910 [ b.h. ] I am 20 years older than this baby up here, and one of the things that I thought about is, 00:08:41.910 --> 00:08:46.682 my early work focused so much on the question of finding our voice. 00:08:46.682 --> 00:08:51.383 And I was thinking about how Melissa represents a generational shift, 00:08:51.383 --> 00:09:00.776 because she has this whole national voice, and so part of what we want to talk about is, 00:09:00.776 --> 00:09:09.994 has there been a meaningful concrete change in how we hear, think & feel about the Black Woman's voice. 00:09:09.994 --> 00:09:16.633 Because many of you may have seen the show, where Melissa is talking--was she an economist? 00:09:16.633 --> 00:09:19.760 [ MHP ] Uh-huh. 00:09:19.760 --> 00:09:22.093 [ b.h. ] And-- [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:09:22.093 --> 00:09:25.350 [ MHP ] --Yes, I think that is the official title of what Ms. [Angela] Mehta is. 00:09:25.350 --> 00:09:29.847 [ b.h. ] --and I was so impressed myself. It was it was like a love moment for me, 00:09:29.847 --> 00:09:36.822 when Melissa just, you know, really boldly put out there, what we know to be real and true. 00:09:36.822 --> 00:09:44.208 And then I was so stunned when I kept hearing from people, "Oh, you know, she really lost it." 00:09:44.208 --> 00:09:47.544 And I thought, kept thinking, "oh if this was Charlie Rose, 00:09:47.544 --> 00:09:53.993 if this was any number of white men who would just boldly speak their truths?" 00:09:53.993 --> 00:09:56.328 She didn't raise her voice in any way. 00:09:56.328 --> 00:10:00.546 There was for me no sense of aggression, so then 00:10:00.546 --> 00:10:04.665 but once again she was turned into the "Angry Black Woman" 00:10:04.665 --> 00:10:07.510 not the Insightful Brilliant Black Woman 00:10:07.510 --> 00:10:14.962 who just threw down in such a way that it created a sense of awe. 00:10:14.962 --> 00:10:20.491 And so that then gave me pause in thinking about on one hand, has there been a shift, 00:10:20.491 --> 00:10:28.648 or are we still pushing against a certain characterization of the Black female voice? 00:10:28.648 --> 00:10:32.994 [ MHP ] Am I meant to answer? 00:10:32.994 --> 00:10:34.577 [ b.h. ] You're meant to discuss. 00:10:34.577 --> 00:10:41.791 [ MHP ] I suppose yes. So I, you know, I'm not sure how I ended up with a television show. 00:10:41.791 --> 00:10:45.842 And I don't mean that to be joking. I really am not quite sure how that happened. 00:10:45.842 --> 00:10:54.480 Clearly it's about a set of very odd occurrences that were part of this moment historically 00:10:54.480 --> 00:10:58.602 where you end up with an African-American man as president, 00:10:58.602 --> 00:11:04.323 and you end up with the most popular commentator on this African-American president 00:11:04.323 --> 00:11:10.748 being a queer woman who is out and butch when they don't overly make her up. 00:11:10.748 --> 00:11:16.363 And you know, and so there's sort of a - there's sort of a shift that occurs around representation, 00:11:16.363 --> 00:11:18.374 and that shift that occurs around representation 00:11:18.374 --> 00:11:22.707 occurs at the same time that there's a profit motivation to get an audience, right? 00:11:22.707 --> 00:11:28.869 So I just don't want to miss that there's no moment in cable news 00:11:28.869 --> 00:11:30.707 where people are making any kind of decision 00:11:30.707 --> 00:11:36.807 that isn't based on a belief that there is audience and income and something else out there. 00:11:36.807 --> 00:11:39.446 So I assume--you know, you talk about being twenty years younger 00:11:39.446 --> 00:11:42.690 so I come of age in exactly the right moment. 00:11:42.690 --> 00:11:44.839 In fact, I pretty regularly say 00:11:44.839 --> 00:11:48.912 the smartest thing you could've ever done was to have been born in the 70's. 00:11:48.912 --> 00:11:50.864 If you were going to be born a Black girl, 00:11:50.864 --> 00:11:55.668 to be born in the 70's meant being born right at the end of that Civil Rights struggle, 00:11:55.668 --> 00:11:58.326 but before the backlash got really ugly, 00:11:58.326 --> 00:12:01.805 in the one moment when there were integrated public schools in the South. 00:12:01.805 --> 00:12:04.868 Just for that one second before white flight took all... 00:12:04.868 --> 00:12:08.178 took all the resources out of the public schools in the South 00:12:08.178 --> 00:12:12.889 right at that moment so that when I graduate from college, we're in an economic upswing & there are jobs. 00:12:12.889 --> 00:12:16.166 When I finished the Ph.D., people are getting multiple academic jobs. 00:12:16.166 --> 00:12:24.012 Not like, searching for an adjunct position, like there's just structurally a set of realities. 00:12:24.012 --> 00:12:29.941 But I don't think any of those structural realities that let a little moment like me come through 00:12:29.941 --> 00:12:35.583 represents an American shift in who we want to hear from. 00:12:35.583 --> 00:12:40.293 [ b.h. ] All right. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:12:40.293 --> 00:12:45.707 Whereas I feel, you know, enormously blessed. 00:12:45.707 --> 00:12:48.913 I always get annoyed with my sister when she says she's blessed and highly-favored, 00:12:48.913 --> 00:12:56.566 but you know, I do want to say that I think of myself as just of--you know, 00:12:56.566 --> 00:13:03.555 Melissa has a mainstream image voice that I came up really out of nowhere. 00:13:03.555 --> 00:13:07.760 You know, little bell hooks writing "Ain't I a Woman: Black Women in Feminism" 00:13:07.760 --> 00:13:12.192 and that sometimes I do feel like, wow. 00:13:12.192 --> 00:13:15.322 You know, there is this audience that reads bell hooks, 00:13:15.322 --> 00:13:19.300 and tells me how my work has affected their life. 00:13:19.300 --> 00:13:24.822 And I think as a Black Woman writer, that is so amazing. 00:13:24.822 --> 00:13:26.532 I mean when I think about Audre Lorde, 00:13:26.532 --> 00:13:28.334 when I think about Pat Parker, 00:13:28.334 --> 00:13:30.745 when I think about Zora Neale Hurston, 00:13:30.745 --> 00:13:33.164 I think about all the Black women writers. 00:13:33.164 --> 00:13:36.926 I mean, my students already don't know who Audre Lorde is. 00:13:36.926 --> 00:13:38.850 They never knew who Pat was. 00:13:38.850 --> 00:13:45.441 You know, and I think that to be a Black woman writer of non-fiction, and to be read, 00:13:45.441 --> 00:13:48.947 is to be blessed and highly-favored. 00:13:48.947 --> 00:13:57.108 And so I think that just as there is space now for your voice because it's a product. 00:13:57.108 --> 00:14:03.029 It sells, it creates people like us running to hear her and watch her. 00:14:03.029 --> 00:14:06.407 There's also that other climate of people searching 00:14:06.407 --> 00:14:15.889 for truly dissonant ways of thinking and being and trying to carve out different ways to live our lives. 00:14:15.889 --> 00:14:19.850 And I think that's especially a tension for Black women, 00:14:19.850 --> 00:14:27.629 because we haven't, as a group, really carved out different ways to live our lives. 00:14:27.629 --> 00:14:30.380 [ MHP ] I wanted to ask you about that a little bit 00:14:30.380 --> 00:14:37.219 because there are things about the bizarro life that I find myself living now, 00:14:37.219 --> 00:14:43.743 that I sometimes feel as though I'm judging against a set of Black Feminist Standards, 00:14:43.743 --> 00:14:49.689 that I ultimately learned and decided to believe in from your texts. 00:14:49.689 --> 00:14:56.556 So if--if the lowercase letters of bell hooks 00:14:56.556 --> 00:15:04.635 are in part about a recognition that the ego is less important than the content, 00:15:04.635 --> 00:15:10.461 it was in fact very painful for me when MSNBC named the show "Melissa Harris-Perry". 00:15:10.461 --> 00:15:16.853 And I fought it and we--I had 4,000 other really funny names [ LAUGHTER ], 00:15:16.853 --> 00:15:21.071 but--and they were also--all sounded like some other networks' shows 00:15:21.071 --> 00:15:26.095 but in part because I thought, no what we're supposed to be doing is not saying, 00:15:26.095 --> 00:15:33.783 "Watch me! Me! It's all about me!" but instead spend time in the content. So I don't--I guess part of what I- 00:15:33.783 --> 00:15:38.121 [ b.h. ] --By the way, that failed. I mean, people became as obsessed with bell hooks-- 00:15:38.121 --> 00:15:39.225 [ MHP ] Yeah. 00:15:39.225 --> 00:15:42.414 [ b.h. ] --and the lowercase did not [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] do-- 00:15:42.414 --> 00:15:45.116 [ MHP ] --right, yes! This is what-- 00:15:45.116 --> 00:15:50.505 [ b.h. ] --you know, it didn't do the work that I felt as a spiritual 00:15:50.505 --> 00:15:57.135 because for me it was not just a political--it was a spiritual decision at the time, you know? 00:15:57.135 --> 00:16:01.145 About who am I and where do I place myself? 00:16:01.145 --> 00:16:08.278 And I didn't want to place myself, my personality, my ego, but other people placed it. 00:16:08.278 --> 00:16:13.830 So they just reified and fetishized the small bell hooks. 00:16:13.830 --> 00:16:21.033 So I realized, you know, how much power we don't have over how our representations are perceived. 00:16:21.033 --> 00:16:27.620 And that kind of goes back to my saying that when people think we're angry, or strident, or difficult, 00:16:27.620 --> 00:16:30.289 when we may not have that perception of ourselves at all. 00:16:30.289 --> 00:16:34.526 When I first y'know published, Aint I A Woman, the white women at South End Press said, 00:16:34.526 --> 00:16:36.732 you know, it was such an angry book. 00:16:36.732 --> 00:16:38.785 And I didn't know what they were talking about. 00:16:38.785 --> 00:16:41.283 Because again, I felt it was a clear book. 00:16:41.283 --> 00:16:45.566 It was a book saying things that hadn't been said before, but anger? 00:16:45.566 --> 00:16:47.134 You know, I'm one of these Black women 00:16:47.134 --> 00:16:54.036 if I'm angry, you will know that I'm angry and I'm gonna--I'm gonna own my anger. 00:16:54.036 --> 00:17:00.665 And so I knew that that wasn't the case, and that has been something that I feel is a constant battle. 00:17:00.665 --> 00:17:03.298 I've been referring a lot to "Sweet Honey in the Rock": 00:17:03.298 --> 00:17:05.529 "when we work for freedom, we cannot rest", 00:17:05.529 --> 00:17:10.362 because people are constantly using "anger" and "difficult". 00:17:10.362 --> 00:17:14.525 I mean I have to admit I get "difficult" now more than "anger". 00:17:14.525 --> 00:17:16.329 You know, "bell is difficult." 00:17:16.329 --> 00:17:17.640 [ MHP ] Yeah. 00:17:17.640 --> 00:17:20.435 [ b.h. ] You know, when people drop you, or when--from publishing, or something, 00:17:20.435 --> 00:17:26.102 and they say "well, bell is difficult." And it's because you raise certain kinds of images. 00:17:26.102 --> 00:17:35.546 And once again, I think it's about, Melissa, that interface between our radical political integrity 00:17:35.546 --> 00:17:42.287 and the fact that we are in imperialist, white-supremacist, capitalist patriarchy. So-- 00:17:42.287 --> 00:17:47.963 [ MHP ] And you might be, I mean, so I was angry at Ms. Mehta, 00:17:47.963 --> 00:17:52.104 her inability to see that it was patently- 00:17:52.104 --> 00:17:54.422 [ b.h. ] Uh-oh, mess up all my theories. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:17:54.422 --> 00:17:57.176 [ MHP ] --Right--no, no, but [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] but not just her. 00:17:57.176 --> 00:18:01.507 I was angry with the idea that we continue to propagate this notion, 00:18:01.507 --> 00:18:05.176 that to be poor is somehow relaxing. 00:18:05.176 --> 00:18:09.762 That people are chillin on public service, like I mean, [ AUDIENCE APPLAUDING ] 00:18:09.762 --> 00:18:15.482 and that, you know, that--that riskiness is associated with wealth, right? 00:18:15.482 --> 00:18:19.905 So I--the only thing I push back against is the notion that I'm irrational. 00:18:19.905 --> 00:18:23.236 I mean, I'm mad, but I'm mad about something, I'm not... 00:18:23.236 --> 00:18:30.227 I'm not mad as an inherent aspect of my Blackness, or my womanhood, right? But mad about something. 00:18:30.227 --> 00:18:34.297 And you know, I get difficult, but I am difficult. 00:18:34.297 --> 00:18:40.536 Like, but, but so do--I mean, like, [ WHISPERING ] so are all the white guys. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:18:40.536 --> 00:18:46.208 Right? And I mean, I'm legitimately not trying to be funny, in the sense that I know... 00:18:46.208 --> 00:18:50.288 so I know that I come to work after my producers come to work, 00:18:50.288 --> 00:18:57.954 and I'm a little bit, y'know, demanding and a lot of times, so I--"difficult". 00:18:57.954 --> 00:19:04.597 But all the white boys were difficult too in everything from the academy to general life to 00:19:04.597 --> 00:19:07.993 you know, right? 00:19:07.993 --> 00:19:14.241 And but it's as though that difficulty is presumed to be legitimate whereas ours is illegitimate. 00:19:14.241 --> 00:19:15.758 [ b.h. ] Of course, you know, it's funny. 00:19:15.758 --> 00:19:19.213 I don't think that I'm difficult. I think that I'm exacting. 00:19:19.213 --> 00:19:20.595 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:19:20.595 --> 00:19:22.459 And precise. 00:19:22.459 --> 00:19:27.653 And I mean, I think that words we use are very important because I think that for me 00:19:27.653 --> 00:19:29.983 I mean, let's face it, folks. 00:19:29.983 --> 00:19:32.903 You don't be a Black woman from a working-class background in America 00:19:32.903 --> 00:19:37.156 and write more than thirty books 'cause you sitting around being difficult. You know? 00:19:37.156 --> 00:19:39.086 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING, SOME APPLAUSE ] 00:19:39.086 --> 00:19:44.829 That work comes out of the amazing discipline of my life, 00:19:44.829 --> 00:19:48.368 which I don't necessarily attribute to my ego or me, 00:19:48.368 --> 00:19:53.011 but to the recognition of what it takes to get a particular job done, 00:19:53.011 --> 00:19:57.475 and that will, as many of you have experienced in this room, 00:19:57.475 --> 00:20:04.630 to write, to put other things aside to write, to sit at my computer 00:20:04.630 --> 00:20:10.025 and key in the "Beasts of The Southern Wild" piece 00:20:10.025 --> 00:20:11.925 while I am sitting there crying 00:20:11.925 --> 00:20:16.725 because I just can't take in another image of an abused Black child 00:20:16.725 --> 00:20:20.653 being represented as entertaining. 00:20:20.653 --> 00:20:25.115 And I am sitting there, and I am writing, but I'm also hurting. [ VOICE STRAINED WITH EMOTION ] 00:20:25.115 --> 00:20:32.254 I'm hurting because we can't get past the construct- ion of Black children as little mini-adults 00:20:32.254 --> 00:20:36.929 whose innocence we don't have to protect. 00:20:36.929 --> 00:20:43.051 You know, who we can consider "cute" if they're being slapped around by an alcoholic father. 00:20:43.051 --> 00:20:45.807 You know, not to mention all the other things we could name. 00:20:45.807 --> 00:20:52.103 [ MHP ] Well, and then the abuse not only of the character, but actually of Quvenzhané Wallis, 00:20:52.103 --> 00:20:56.788 by Black and white communities, in the immediate aftermath of that film, 00:20:56.788 --> 00:21:00.729 which I really, really disliked that film. 00:21:00.729 --> 00:21:04.739 And watched it in New Orleans, sat in a theater in New Orleans and watched it, 00:21:04.739 --> 00:21:07.801 and came home and read your piece. 00:21:07.801 --> 00:21:11.504 And in fact, like the moment of Bennett students saying "Have you read bell hooks?", 00:21:11.504 --> 00:21:14.964 coming back and reading your piece and saying, "Oh bell, bell's back." 00:21:14.964 --> 00:21:22.427 And in part, that the pain, the anger, but also that 00:21:22.427 --> 00:21:24.858 this was one of those movies that we were supposed to like, 00:21:24.858 --> 00:21:29.149 and we were supposed to say good and nice things about, and was supposed to be "artsy" and "funny" 00:21:29.149 --> 00:21:31.113 and you're supposed to be "deep" and "get it", 00:21:31.113 --> 00:21:36.532 and you're willingness to say, "Nope, the abuse of a Young Black girl's body as--is not deep. 00:21:36.532 --> 00:21:38.639 It's appalling." 00:21:38.639 --> 00:21:46.801 [ b.h. ] And also, why can't we teach other people to recognize that this is traumatic, and not "funny", 00:21:46.801 --> 00:21:50.075 and not "cute", and that's--that's that again, 00:21:50.075 --> 00:21:53.973 "when we work for freedom, we cannot rest" because it's a constant struggle. 00:21:53.973 --> 00:21:58.430 I mean, it's interesting because, I can tell you right now. 00:21:58.430 --> 00:22:03.626 Ms. Melissa liked "Twelve Years of Slavery", and I really hated it. 00:22:03.626 --> 00:22:10.619 I thought that, or I won't even say I hated it. Nah, sentimental clap-trap. [ A FEW LAUGHS ] 00:22:10.619 --> 00:22:13.331 But one of the things I felt about it, 00:22:13.331 --> 00:22:19.878 and--'cause we don't want to just sit here and act like we schmooze and agree on everything 00:22:19.878 --> 00:22:25.149 I felt that it actually negated the Black female voice. 00:22:25.149 --> 00:22:33.678 That she was given voice only in so much as she gave expression to Black male emotional feeling. 00:22:33.678 --> 00:22:40.130 That the Black male does not have to take responsibility for his own emotional universe, 00:22:40.130 --> 00:22:43.395 that Patsy takes that cross. 00:22:43.395 --> 00:22:46.011 So it's like, okay not only are you suffering, 00:22:46.011 --> 00:22:54.769 but you have to take on you the added burden of articulating this Black man's pain to him, so-- 00:22:54.769 --> 00:22:56.856 [ MHP ] So, so how much that though 00:22:56.856 --> 00:23:02.692 and this is part of why I've approached this film so differently than the other slave films 00:23:02.692 --> 00:23:10.048 how much of that is because it is the reading of his autobiography, his slave narrative, 00:23:10.048 --> 00:23:12.077 and so that is what he does to her? 00:23:12.077 --> 00:23:15.973 Like he does in fact create Patsy in that way, in that text, 00:23:15.973 --> 00:23:18.451 so the film reproduces the thing 00:23:18.451 --> 00:23:24.037 that he as Black patriarch -even in the context of enslavement- does to her? 00:23:24.037 --> 00:23:25.794 [ b.h. ] Yeah, honey, [ A FEW LAUGHS ] 00:23:25.794 --> 00:23:32.373 but if the film-maker can create for us that scene with Mrs. Shaw that is not in the book, 00:23:32.373 --> 00:23:37.291 then why can't he--I mean, one of the things that I stand on all the time 00:23:37.291 --> 00:23:42.733 film does not exist for the purpose of giving us reality. 00:23:42.733 --> 00:23:48.051 And I always say, like, if my life is shit, I don't want to go pay $10 or $12 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:23:48.051 --> 00:23:53.515 to see it displayed so that we have to ask ourselves. 00:23:53.515 --> 00:23:59.289 I guess what I want for us all the time, Melissa, which some of us feel happens on your show, 00:23:59.289 --> 00:24:04.954 is a pushing of the imagination--a broadening of how we think about things, 00:24:04.954 --> 00:24:08.850 and not this sort of narrowing-down of how we think about things. 00:24:08.850 --> 00:24:14.939 And I feel like, you know, I'm tired of the naked, raped, beaten Black woman body. 00:24:14.939 --> 00:24:21.943 I want to see an image of Black femaleness that alters our universe in some way. 00:24:21.943 --> 00:24:27.357 I mean, Melissa--which was a question I was dying to ask her, so I can ask her tonight 00:24:27.357 --> 00:24:33.282 in "Sister Citizen", she really writes critically about Michelle Obama, for example, 00:24:33.282 --> 00:24:36.066 as representing that kind of shift. 00:24:36.066 --> 00:24:40.360 That we have this transformative image 00:24:40.360 --> 00:24:46.626 and I feel like, yes, we started out with this incredible powerful Black female voice, 00:24:46.626 --> 00:24:50.941 Michelle Obama, and it got smallerand smaller, 00:24:50.941 --> 00:24:58.551 and I wonder if you think that. Or if you think that it kept the momentum that it began with? 00:24:58.551 --> 00:25:05.125 [ MHP ] So, for me, First Lady Obama is navigating multiple spaces, 00:25:05.125 --> 00:25:11.140 and in some ways, it has retained its bigness and its value, and in other ways it has diminished. 00:25:11.140 --> 00:25:14.197 Most importantly, for me, I think there was an active, purposeful, 00:25:14.197 --> 00:25:18.084 and I think she she has said it to us, 00:25:18.084 --> 00:25:27.931 desire to remove from public space that idea of the Black woman who emasculates her husband. 00:25:27.931 --> 00:25:35.702 That she very actively and purposefully moved back from the partnership model that we saw initially. 00:25:35.702 --> 00:25:38.786 Not only partnership, but actually, an active critique of her husband. 00:25:38.786 --> 00:25:42.060 So when Senator Obama is running in 2007-8, 00:25:42.060 --> 00:25:45.645 she has a variety of punch-lines, one of which includes: 00:25:45.645 --> 00:25:50.642 "Oh yeah, you know, Barack is stinky in the morning, and he leaves his socks around." 00:25:50.642 --> 00:25:55.818 She had another line that was about feeling like a single-parent for much of their early marriage 00:25:55.818 --> 00:25:58.695 because he was working down-state. 00:25:58.695 --> 00:26:00.445 And so she was taking on all the parenting. 00:26:00.445 --> 00:26:04.581 She was the primary bread-winner and she was taking on all the parenting. 00:26:04.581 --> 00:26:08.336 And then there was also a narrative about her relationship with Mama Robinson, 00:26:08.336 --> 00:26:12.713 and the importance that Mama Robinson had in stepping in as the second parent 00:26:12.713 --> 00:26:16.297 when state Senator Barack Obama was down-state. 00:26:16.297 --> 00:26:19.683 And that narrative went away after the primaries. 00:26:19.683 --> 00:26:24.133 So as soon as, basically they got through, about South Carolina, 00:26:24.133 --> 00:26:29.751 and it became clear that it was very possible that Barack Obama could win the Democratic Primary, 00:26:29.751 --> 00:26:36.109 Michelle Obama "the wife" became the much more traditional political wife, 00:26:36.109 --> 00:26:39.022 who supports in sort of a doe-eyed way, her husband. 00:26:39.022 --> 00:26:41.368 But that wasn't the totality. 00:26:41.368 --> 00:26:43.821 So on that hand, yes, I would agree, I think she shrinks. 00:26:43.821 --> 00:26:46.733 But the other thing I offer though, is this possibility 00:26:46.733 --> 00:26:54.040 that she's performing two other things that I do find to be a sustaining pushing of the imagination. 00:26:54.040 --> 00:26:55.730 One is about her body, 00:26:55.730 --> 00:27:03.732 and this initial desire to dissect First Lady Obama in all the ways that we have dissected women, 00:27:03.732 --> 00:27:06.458 Black women in particular, since the Venus Hottentot. 00:27:06.458 --> 00:27:10.546 And so rather than talking about Michelle Obama as an embodied person, 00:27:10.546 --> 00:27:12.197 we would talk about her arms. 00:27:12.197 --> 00:27:16.021 "I want Michelle Obama's arms." "I want Michelle Obama's behind." "I want"--right? 00:27:16.021 --> 00:27:20.720 And so it was a rhetorical and public dissection of her into parts, 00:27:20.720 --> 00:27:23.601 so that we weren't talking about her, but talking about the parts of her body. 00:27:23.601 --> 00:27:30.150 Now for me, the immediate rational reasonable response to that is to stop performing your body, 00:27:30.150 --> 00:27:32.748 to--when people are talking about your body to cover. 00:27:32.748 --> 00:27:34.418 I mean that's what our grandmothers taught us, right? 00:27:34.418 --> 00:27:36.728 "Girl, hold it--hold it in. Keep it tight," right? 00:27:36.728 --> 00:27:41.343 Because people--but instead, the First Lady did this sort of extraordinary thing where she was like, 00:27:41.343 --> 00:27:43.970 "Oh, so you want to scrutinize? Here I am." 00:27:43.970 --> 00:27:45.847 She went even more sleeveless. 00:27:45.847 --> 00:27:47.726 She had this amazing--I encourage you to go home 00:27:47.726 --> 00:27:51.807 and Google the--just put in "hula hoops" and "First Lady Obama" - 00:27:51.807 --> 00:27:56.480 there's this incredible series of her in the first spring that they're in the White House of Spring 2009 00:27:56.480 --> 00:28:01.739 and she is running - she's this 6-foot-tall Black woman, barefoot, hula-hooping, 00:28:01.739 --> 00:28:05.075 and running across the White House lawn, and it is... 00:28:05.075 --> 00:28:09.645 Like when I say that, right, that sounds like some kind of weird racist KKK movie, right? 00:28:09.645 --> 00:28:11.315 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:28:11.315 --> 00:28:14.312 But instead, it's like, it is completely beautiful 00:28:14.312 --> 00:28:19.892 and not beautiful in some like "Jackie O." "oh she's like Jackie O."--no. 00:28:19.892 --> 00:28:22.688 She's embodied in this very different way, 00:28:22.688 --> 00:28:27.501 and the very fact that she goes into obesity politics that in part invites scrutiny of her body, 00:28:27.501 --> 00:28:32.647 and then undoubtedly of her daughter's, is sort of an unwillingness to shrink. 00:28:32.647 --> 00:28:35.118 So she shrinks in the wife role. 00:28:35.118 --> 00:28:40.698 I feel her stand up in the, in the sort of "inviting the scrutiny of the body". 00:28:40.698 --> 00:28:44.310 And the last thing I'll say is, when there was this attempt to do 00:28:44.310 --> 00:28:47.310 --and it's the one thing I loved about "Twelve Years a Slave"-- 00:28:47.310 --> 00:28:50.640 to me, "Twelve Years a Slave" was the first time 00:28:50.640 --> 00:28:56.457 that there wasn't a cinematic redemption of the white woman slaveholder. 00:28:56.457 --> 00:29:04.858 And instead, they are made absolutely complicit and evil and attached 00:29:04.874 --> 00:29:11.514 and there's no sense that there is some gender equity that will--nope. [ SOME LAUGHS ] 00:29:11.514 --> 00:29:30.289 [ b.h. ] And you didn't see that in "Django"? [ PROLONGED LAUGHTER ] No I mean-- 00:29:30.289 --> 00:29:32.818 [ MHP ] I can't--I can't talk about "Django", bell. 00:29:32.818 --> 00:29:35.665 [ b.h. ] Oh, okay, but I have to say that one of my favorite scenes 00:29:35.665 --> 00:29:40.987 is when the two very obedient Black female slaves are on that stairway 00:29:40.987 --> 00:29:49.681 and Django tells them to say "goodbye to Ms. Ann", and they've been so obedient and subservient, 00:29:49.681 --> 00:29:51.724 but it's like that open door of freedom, 00:29:51.724 --> 00:29:55.944 that when they have the opportunity to walk through that open door of freedom, 00:29:55.944 --> 00:30:00.889 that hold to me at that moment--the mammy image- is totally deconstructed. 00:30:00.889 --> 00:30:04.891 And they're like "goodbye" and he blows her away. 00:30:04.891 --> 00:30:08.810 I see that as also that reminder of complicity, 00:30:08.810 --> 00:30:15.414 that white women have been complicit in this imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy. 00:30:15.414 --> 00:30:16.667 [ A FEW CLAPS ] 00:30:16.667 --> 00:30:20.751 And not just these sort of passive observers or victims. 00:30:20.751 --> 00:30:22.792 [ MHP ] I feel you, I feel you. I feel you-- 00:30:22.792 --> 00:30:23.995 [ b.h. ] -But let's not be-- 00:30:23.995 --> 00:30:26.297 [ MHP ] But I can't--but "Django", but 'cause see... 00:30:26.297 --> 00:30:27.712 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:30:27.712 --> 00:30:31.470 'cause for me what happened in those first moments in the movie theater, in "Twelve Years a Slave", 00:30:31.470 --> 00:30:33.305 when they're taken onto the ship 00:30:33.305 --> 00:30:35.167 and then the people who have been watching way too much "Django" are like, 00:30:35.167 --> 00:30:40.230 "I can't even believe you're just gonna--why ain't you gonna fight back?!" [ FOOT STOMP ] 00:30:40.230 --> 00:30:41.572 Because this is not a fantasy. 00:30:41.572 --> 00:30:43.907 Because this is a slave narrative--because there is 00:30:43.907 --> 00:30:49.551 because the scene then when he is lynched for days is what happens when you fight. 00:30:49.551 --> 00:30:52.840 Because they kill Omar with a shank in like two minutes. 00:30:52.840 --> 00:30:55.117 And he had been--because for me, I guess the reason 00:30:55.117 --> 00:31:00.214 the reason that that "Django" does not perform that for me is because it's the fantasy. 00:31:00.214 --> 00:31:03.366 [ b.h. ] But see, I think it's all fantasy. [ SOME "YEAH'S" FROM AUDIENCE ] 00:31:03.366 --> 00:31:04.630 [ MHP ] Okay. 00:31:04.630 --> 00:31:06.608 [ b.h. ] I think it's all fantasy. It's all fiction. It's all- 00:31:06.608 --> 00:31:11.279 -I mean I have to say the only slavery movie that I can really say really touched me 00:31:11.279 --> 00:31:16.404 was "Slavery by Another Name", the fictive documentary. 00:31:16.404 --> 00:31:19.340 Because it had those real Black people. 00:31:19.340 --> 00:31:25.663 I mean I had the good fortune to see it at Sundance with Eric Holder and his wife, 00:31:25.663 --> 00:31:30.114 whose family is part of the film, and part of that experience. 00:31:30.114 --> 00:31:37.462 I, myself, okay I'ma say that what I'm tired of in general is sentimentality. 00:31:37.462 --> 00:31:38.937 I mean, James Baldwin said that 00:31:38.937 --> 00:31:44.952 "sentimentality is the ostentatious parading of excessive and spurious emotion. 00:31:44.952 --> 00:31:49.351 It is the mark of dishonesty, the inability to feel." 00:31:49.351 --> 00:31:52.991 So I'm actually we can go away from particular movies. 00:31:52.991 --> 00:31:55.697 I'm concerned about why is it that 00:31:55.697 --> 00:32:03.791 there's a kind of collective response to the plantation culture we as Black people are living in 00:32:03.791 --> 00:32:07.751 that has primarily to do with sentimentality. 00:32:07.751 --> 00:32:10.497 With people, whether we're talking about "The Butler", 00:32:10.497 --> 00:32:14.366 whether we're talking about some of Tyler Perry's stuff [ LAUGHING ], 00:32:14.366 --> 00:32:16.291 it's like, you know? 00:32:16.291 --> 00:32:20.867 I mean, let's stand and weep and let's weep and weep. 00:32:20.867 --> 00:32:29.208 You know, and while we're weeping, the violence against us globally, the global slavery, continues. 00:32:29.208 --> 00:32:32.808 And I'm trying to analyze it, and maybe you have some thoughts about it, 00:32:32.808 --> 00:32:39.569 but why is there this obsession at this historical moment with sentimentality and melodrama? 00:32:39.569 --> 00:32:43.418 'Cause you know my favorite melodrama is imitation of life. [ APPLAUSE ] 00:32:44.525 --> 00:32:51.109 I'm old enough to have left [ MELODRAMATICALLY ] "Maaaaama! I diiiiid love you!" 00:32:51.109 --> 00:32:52.214 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:32:52.214 --> 00:32:54.049 "I diiiid love you!" 00:32:54.049 --> 00:32:59.877 But again, mama don't get to hear that 'cause she dead. 00:32:59.877 --> 00:33:03.039 [ LAUGHTER ] And so, what are your thoughts about that? 00:33:03.039 --> 00:33:09.861 This sort of upsurge, I feel, in sentimental portraits of Blackness. 00:33:09.861 --> 00:33:13.866 Not--and we don't have to just talk about slavery, 'cause "The Butler" certainly, you know. 00:33:13.866 --> 00:33:18.642 [ MHP ] Yes. [ A FEW LAUGHS ] Okay so, so I mean, all right. 00:33:18.642 --> 00:33:25.918 So, okay, so there's "Django" on the one hand, then there's "The Butler" and God help me, "The Help". 00:33:25.918 --> 00:33:34.530 [ AUDIENCE BOOING AND THEN BREAKING INTO LAUGHTER ] I guess-- 00:33:34.530 --> 00:33:36.605 [ b.h. ] All of which are sentimental. 00:33:36.605 --> 00:33:38.493 [ MHP ] Yes, right, right. 00:33:38.493 --> 00:33:41.777 And so I'm just kind of running in my head what you're saying & trying to think through this a little bit. 00:33:41.777 --> 00:33:52.673 It certainly felt to me like the "The Help" and "The Butler" are popular culture 00:33:52.673 --> 00:33:55.427 responding to the angst of the possibility, 00:33:55.427 --> 00:34:00.364 not only of Black empowerment in the personhood of President Obama, 00:34:00.364 --> 00:34:06.028 but also, the desire for the magical negro to reappear to make things better. 00:34:06.028 --> 00:34:09.919 So that the economic downturn itself, right? 00:34:09.919 --> 00:34:18.170 And the sense of white America experiencing, for the first time in 50 years, 00:34:18.170 --> 00:34:22.961 the unemployment rates that Black folks have been living with for 60 years, right? 00:34:22.961 --> 00:34:28.420 So that the Tea Party can actively, just weeks after President Obama's inauguration, 00:34:28.420 --> 00:34:34.477 can sort of take to the mall in anger about a 10% unemployment rate, and [ LAUGHING ] 00:34:34.477 --> 00:34:38.896 we know like 10% unemployment rate for Black people would be cause for like, Juneteenth. 00:34:38.896 --> 00:34:40.539 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:34:40.539 --> 00:34:42.118 Right? We'd be happy. 00:34:42.118 --> 00:34:45.606 And I--so I presume that part of what happens then, 00:34:45.606 --> 00:34:50.211 why we need "The Butler", why we need "The Help", and so maybe- 00:34:50.211 --> 00:34:54.352 and I'm gonna pause and think about maybe this is also why we need to bring back slavery. 00:34:54.352 --> 00:34:56.207 But I'm not sure--I'll think about it. 00:34:56.207 --> 00:35:05.770 But maybe the reason we need to go engage with them in our fictional emotional lives is 00:35:05.770 --> 00:35:11.383 because those negroes gave- they solved the problems of America 00:35:11.383 --> 00:35:16.911 through their willingness to sacrifice for the American project. 00:35:16.911 --> 00:35:20.973 And so, I mean the fact that, I will say at the end of "Twelve Years a Slave", 00:35:20.973 --> 00:35:25.315 what happens--he goes to the American court system, right? There is no "Django" fantasy, 00:35:25.315 --> 00:35:27.568 like the "fantasy" is that. Right? 00:35:27.568 --> 00:35:31.666 What the actual enslaved man does is he goes and takes these men to court. 00:35:31.666 --> 00:35:39.231 There is a presumption, even in that moment, that somehow there will be justice available. 00:35:39.231 --> 00:35:42.787 The thing that we actually did in the years following emancipation 00:35:42.787 --> 00:35:48.173 was to run for office, and buy land, and I mean it's 00:35:48.173 --> 00:35:53.097 so maybe there's a desire to reconstruct that version of Black folks 00:35:53.097 --> 00:35:56.100 so that we could fix what is currently wrong. 00:35:56.100 --> 00:35:59.720 Because that's always been our magical capacity. 00:35:59.720 --> 00:36:02.204 [ b.h. ] Or so that we can simply grieve. 00:36:02.204 --> 00:36:06.245 We can have a vehicle for the expression of the depth of our grief. 00:36:06.245 --> 00:36:08.566 Because I do believe that for some time now, 00:36:08.566 --> 00:36:13.344 Black people collectively have been caught in a profound grief. 00:36:13.344 --> 00:36:19.724 I've been working on writing about justice & using Martin Luther King's "Where Do We Go From Here?" 00:36:19.724 --> 00:36:24.235 And I'm just amazed that Dr. King was talking about fascism. 00:36:24.235 --> 00:36:30.572 He was talking about the--he was so prescient that there will be things like the Tea Party. 00:36:30.572 --> 00:36:34.065 And the thing that he says that's so amazing is that 00:36:34.065 --> 00:36:39.282 there will be this growth--"a native form"- these are his words--"of fascism", 00:36:39.282 --> 00:36:42.503 as Black people press forward for equality. 00:36:42.503 --> 00:36:44.918 And then he says that awesome insight 00:36:44.918 --> 00:36:53.972 that white people would rather destroy democracy than have racial equality. 00:36:53.972 --> 00:36:56.100 [ AUDIBLE AGREEMENT FROM THE AUDIENCE ] 00:36:56.100 --> 00:36:59.436 And I think we know that that's not true of all white people, 00:36:59.436 --> 00:37:05.789 but we really see that in those of us who live in very depressed white areas, like Appalachia. 00:37:05.789 --> 00:37:13.574 I mean, we see it so clearly that people would rather have white supremacy and hierarchy 00:37:13.574 --> 00:37:16.063 than any kind of justice. 00:37:16.063 --> 00:37:20.301 That people really think "Justice? You know, those negroes have had enough." 00:37:20.301 --> 00:37:22.682 "We've given them enough!" 00:37:22.682 --> 00:37:29.421 And so I think that that's what troubles me, Melissa, about the sentimentality. 00:37:29.421 --> 00:37:34.521 Because I feel it shifts us away from the forms of analysis. 00:37:34.521 --> 00:37:38.334 Like, I mean, I am myself- I've been a reader of King, 00:37:38.334 --> 00:37:41.323 but I've been away from "Where Do We Go From Here?" 00:37:41.323 --> 00:37:48.868 and so when I read it again, and I thought, boy, King was talking about fascism, about what we had to do, 00:37:48.868 --> 00:37:52.127 and so much of what he puts out we haven't done. 00:37:52.127 --> 00:37:54.459 The critical consciousness. 00:37:54.459 --> 00:38:00.650 It just, kind of, in a way, saddened me so deeply because I think that we do live in this space- 00:38:00.650 --> 00:38:04.271 Black people--Brown people- of cognitive dissonance. 00:38:04.271 --> 00:38:07.017 That we know white supremacy is real. 00:38:07.017 --> 00:38:10.628 But at the same time, we would like to walk through our daily lives 00:38:10.628 --> 00:38:15.894 as though justice is real, democracy is real, equality is real. 00:38:15.894 --> 00:38:22.140 I mean, if anything that I could say about "Twelve Years of Slavery", is that it depicted that. 00:38:22.140 --> 00:38:26.792 That we see them walking through their lives, thinking they've made it. 00:38:26.792 --> 00:38:34.718 That they can live as--as assimilated Black people in this bourgeois white world. 00:38:34.718 --> 00:38:40.254 And there is something so, almost unbelievable, 00:38:40.254 --> 00:38:46.177 about his level of innocence about the horrific nature of white supremacy, 00:38:46.177 --> 00:38:51.889 because he really believes that there is a whiteness that will protect him. 00:38:51.889 --> 00:38:55.647 Like you know? And that to me is like, wow. 00:38:55.647 --> 00:39:02.238 If someone can come from that time period and believe that whiteness will protect them. 00:39:02.238 --> 00:39:10.410 Then I think about our son, our brother Trayvon Martin, what did he think would protect him? 00:39:10.410 --> 00:39:15.496 Did he think that he was in danger of losing his life? 00:39:15.496 --> 00:39:20.677 Or did he have that innocence again, about whiteness? 00:39:20.677 --> 00:39:25.028 That many of us carry? And many of our young people carry it, especially. 00:39:25.028 --> 00:39:28.678 I mean, both here at The New School, everywhere I go, 00:39:28.678 --> 00:39:35.209 it is young people especially who will argue that race has ended, that we're in the post-racial- 00:39:35.209 --> 00:39:36.734 go ahead, jump in. 00:39:36.734 --> 00:39:41.045 [ MHP ] Yeah, yeah, so I would push back against that just a little bit. 00:39:41.045 --> 00:39:47.153 That young people primarily--so I do think that millennials may think about race in ways 00:39:47.153 --> 00:39:52.115 that are different and more complicated, but they ought to, I mean, 'cause the world is different. 00:39:52.115 --> 00:39:56.164 But that Cathy Cohen's research out of the Black Youth Project, 00:39:56.164 --> 00:39:58.905 and the writings of The Black Youth Project, 100 and all of them, 00:39:58.905 --> 00:40:04.411 do suggest actually that because of their very close contact with the police state and with incarceration, 00:40:04.411 --> 00:40:06.138 and with the ways in which this- 00:40:06.138 --> 00:40:11.376 so again, the racial naiveté of the kids of the 70's- all right I'ma give that to you- 00:40:11.376 --> 00:40:13.784 because we were sort of in this moment, right? 00:40:13.784 --> 00:40:19.642 And then, even as Reagan was happening, y'know, Bill Cosby was the, y'know, #1 rated show on TV. 00:40:19.642 --> 00:40:24.401 So there were--there were ways in which- I'ma take that critique for the X generation. 00:40:24.401 --> 00:40:34.805 But I'm not quite willing to say that of young people of color in their 20's, the generation one under me, 00:40:34.805 --> 00:40:42.258 only because the material realities of their vulnerability are so present for them. 00:40:42.258 --> 00:40:46.700 Now it may be true that that population is even more stratified-- 00:40:46.700 --> 00:40:48.881 [ b.h. ] Yes, yes. 00:40:48.881 --> 00:40:51.019 [ MHP ] --so for the wealthy children, there is a different reality. 00:40:51.019 --> 00:40:54.074 But I don't want to give it to the whole generation- I don't want to say young people don't know. 00:40:54.074 --> 00:40:57.217 And my bet is that Trayvon may not. And so, in fact... 00:41:02.263 --> 00:41:09.810 So in fact so I want to come back in a minute to using King as a source. 00:41:09.810 --> 00:41:11.948 Especially around an understanding of justice 00:41:11.948 --> 00:41:15.641 and whether or not there's also a sentimentality that occurs around-- 00:41:15.641 --> 00:41:17.184 [ b.h. ] Uh-oh. 00:41:17.184 --> 00:41:19.751 [ MHP ] --King [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ], 00:41:19.751 --> 00:41:24.952 and particularly when we're unwilling to interrogate and push King on his homophobia and sexism. 00:41:24.952 --> 00:41:29.800 [ APPLAUSE ] And you know, it's been- 00:41:29.800 --> 00:41:34.786 as much as there has been this kind of sentimentality around race produced by mass popular culture, 00:41:34.786 --> 00:41:37.594 and "The Help", and "The Butler", 00:41:37.594 --> 00:41:41.303 there's also been a sentimentality about King from the critics of President Obama, 00:41:41.303 --> 00:41:46.025 who want to say "President Obama is no King"- true. [ A FEW LAUGHS ] 00:41:46.025 --> 00:41:48.194 But then they want to say, 00:41:48.194 --> 00:41:53.988 "President Obama is no King because he makes alliances" and "because he does"- 00:41:53.988 --> 00:41:57.911 you know, "makes compromises", and I'm like, do y'all have any idea who King is? 00:41:57.911 --> 00:42:00.825 And the kinds of compromises and alliances and 00:42:00.825 --> 00:42:06.763 ask Fannie Lou Hamer if in fact King doesn't look just like the critiques that we have of President Obama. 00:42:06.763 --> 00:42:09.805 So it's not--let me be clear--I'm not saying we shouldn't critique President Obama, 00:42:09.805 --> 00:42:11.950 what I am suggesting is that when we do so, 00:42:11.950 --> 00:42:16.350 by holding up a vision of King that is this version that they created on the Mall 00:42:16.350 --> 00:42:22.029 where he steps out of stone, that we can reproduce that sentimentality, particularly when we don't-- 00:42:22.029 --> 00:42:24.238 [ b.h. ] But that's one King. That's one King. 00:42:24.238 --> 00:42:25.414 [ MHP ] Yes. 00:42:25.414 --> 00:42:29.750 [ b.h. ] I mean, I'm sorry, but most Americans don't even know The King ever said anything about fascism. 00:42:29.750 --> 00:42:31.524 They don't know that he ever said anything 00:42:31.524 --> 00:42:35.043 about a mounting white supremacy that would endanger our lives, 00:42:35.043 --> 00:42:38.967 so I mean, I'm forgetting his name--I think it's Gary Young-- [ IN BACKGROUND: "THE GUARDIAN" ] 00:42:38.967 --> 00:42:43.800 who has done the "I Dream" speech book, 00:42:43.800 --> 00:42:49.135 but he talks about how there's this period where there is the sentimental King who's loved, 00:42:49.135 --> 00:42:54.462 but then as King begins to talk about imperialism, and to talk about other things, 00:42:54.462 --> 00:42:57.843 that then he's talked about as a traitor, he's talked about- 00:42:57.843 --> 00:43:05.027 I mean, so I think part of what we're all being called to is a more complex understanding of King. 00:43:05.027 --> 00:43:06.514 Because I totally agree with you. 00:43:06.514 --> 00:43:11.104 I mean I was--hate to say it but in my budding militant feminism, I had no use for King. 00:43:11.104 --> 00:43:12.687 [ SOME LAUGHTER ] 00:43:12.687 --> 00:43:14.697 And I barely had use for Malcolm X, 00:43:14.697 --> 00:43:19.501 because of what I felt to be their refusal to see 00:43:19.501 --> 00:43:25.621 the way patriarchy was hurting and wounding to Black males and females, 00:43:25.621 --> 00:43:34.882 and keeping us from the love that we deserve to be able to give one another. And so, you know-- 00:43:34.882 --> 00:43:37.931 [ MHP ] But I don't mean to throw King out at all. In fact, actually, he was- 00:43:37.931 --> 00:43:39.602 [ b.h. ] I didn't think you were... 00:43:39.602 --> 00:43:45.010 [ MHP ] But I just worry about the ways--so this is your same concern about sentimentality, 00:43:45.010 --> 00:43:46.820 just to echo it back, 00:43:46.820 --> 00:43:50.948 that even as we engage the great ideas and the thinkers 00:43:50.948 --> 00:43:54.916 and the nuggets of understanding of justice and philosophy, 00:43:54.916 --> 00:44:06.432 that because we're so absent, Black women are so absent from the story, we're willing to give a pass. 00:44:06.432 --> 00:44:10.510 [ b.h. ] I don't think that anybody would ever say that about bell hooks. 00:44:10.510 --> 00:44:12.478 [ MHP ] No, not you. Not you. I'm talking about us. 00:44:12.478 --> 00:44:14.227 [ b.h. ] Yes. 00:44:14.227 --> 00:44:17.963 [ MHP ] I'm talking about an American vision of who counts as a hero. That's what I mean. 00:44:17.963 --> 00:44:19.501 [ b.h. ] That's right. 00:44:19.501 --> 00:44:25.775 But I think that, you know, we are still in the construction of a world 00:44:25.775 --> 00:44:30.990 where people don't want to accept that it is patriarchy that is killing Black men. 00:44:30.990 --> 00:44:32.646 [ AUDIBLE AGREEMENT FROM AUDIENCE ] 00:44:32.646 --> 00:44:41.117 That it is an imperialistic patriarchy that threatens the life of Black men of all ages--Black males. 00:44:41.117 --> 00:44:46.488 I mean, all this week I've been talking about my little 7-year-old Black male friend, you know, 00:44:46.488 --> 00:44:50.807 who is having tremendous problems in predominantly white world, 00:44:50.807 --> 00:44:56.548 and I try to talk to his biracial mother and say, "You know, I think his problems have to do with race" 00:44:56.548 --> 00:45:01.208 That he looks out in the world and not only does he see nothing that mirrors him, 00:45:01.208 --> 00:45:04.679 these other little white kids are telling him he's a monster. 00:45:04.679 --> 00:45:06.749 You know, he's "ugly", 00:45:06.749 --> 00:45:10.666 and so he finally gets--she says, "Oh I think you're just totally misguided." You know? 00:45:10.666 --> 00:45:19.816 And then he finally gets into a fight at school and he says, "You know, white people are just mean." 00:45:19.816 --> 00:45:25.564 And so, there's this articulation of a racialized narrative, from a 7-year-old 00:45:25.564 --> 00:45:30.391 that knows he's already on the "outs", that there's no "in" for him. 00:45:30.391 --> 00:45:33.572 And I wonder about the trajectory of his life, 00:45:33.572 --> 00:45:39.720 that he can feel already the depths of that angst and despair, that there's no "in" for him. 00:45:39.720 --> 00:45:43.950 And I thought about that when you were talking about Trayvon Martin, 00:45:43.950 --> 00:45:49.074 and talking about birthing a girl, a Black girl, as opposed to a Black male child. 00:45:49.074 --> 00:45:57.742 Because I do think that Melissa and I both represent that very oppositional reality that I write about. 00:45:57.742 --> 00:46:03.661 That we both have, against various odds in our life, invented ourselves. 00:46:03.661 --> 00:46:11.568 And I don't think that that radical self-invention is as present for Black males in their life. 00:46:11.568 --> 00:46:14.700 Because for us, there is no seduction of power. 00:46:14.700 --> 00:46:20.182 There is no idea of, "oh well, if I just do the right thing with my dick, [ AUDIENCE LAUGHS ] 00:46:20.182 --> 00:46:24.045 I will be able to enter into the power of patriarchy." 00:46:24.045 --> 00:46:31.887 And so I think that that--those things are just so intimate and deep in our lives right now, 00:46:31.887 --> 00:46:37.371 this sense of also the distance that's growing between Black females and Black males, 00:46:37.371 --> 00:46:40.241 around, I think, these very issues. 00:46:44.233 --> 00:46:46.411 [ MHP ] So, this one's hard. 00:46:46.411 --> 00:46:49.693 [ b.h. ] I know, we just need hours together. 00:46:49.693 --> 00:46:54.119 [ MHP ] I know. I mean, it's so hard because I simultaneously--you know, 00:46:54.119 --> 00:47:00.463 I felt it so much on the night of the Zimmerman verdict, and throughout that week, 00:47:00.463 --> 00:47:03.787 and throughout the month that have passed. 00:47:03.787 --> 00:47:07.765 But when I hear you say the extent to which we've- 00:47:07.765 --> 00:47:11.309 that you and I have had a set of challenges over which we've- 00:47:11.309 --> 00:47:14.574 but I'm sitting here thinking, okay now if I'm real honest about that, 00:47:14.574 --> 00:47:23.467 some of the most difficult, very personal barriers, were placed there by Black men. 00:47:23.467 --> 00:47:27.869 Purposefully, actively, maliciously, cruelly, continuously, 00:47:27.869 --> 00:47:33.169 whether it was my sexual assault as a teenager by a Black man, who's an adult, 00:47:33.169 --> 00:47:38.499 whether it was my [ DISTRACTION IS INAUDIBLE ]- we're live streaming--there are-- 00:47:38.499 --> 00:47:42.137 [ b.h. ] She's gonna have to talk about [INAUDIBLE ] 00:47:42.137 --> 00:47:45.470 [ MHP ] Right, no. No, I, psh. Yes. 00:47:45.470 --> 00:47:50.800 And that, by the time that one came along, there had been so many that had- 00:47:50.800 --> 00:47:56.201 and, so for me--it's interesting for you to say this- 00:47:56.201 --> 00:47:59.524 because I'm light-skinned, 00:47:59.524 --> 00:48:10.698 and cis, and straight, and have a white parent, and have access to all kinds of privileges from birth, 00:48:10.698 --> 00:48:13.202 my bet is that I have been seduced by power. 00:48:13.202 --> 00:48:16.700 Now I don't think that mine comes at the end of my penis, 00:48:16.700 --> 00:48:18.852 but my bet is that my proximity to whiteness 00:48:18.852 --> 00:48:24.732 has in fact allowed me over and over again a level of racial naiveté, 00:48:24.732 --> 00:48:29.637 and a willingness to believe that if I could just get the right white folks to give me cover, 00:48:29.637 --> 00:48:36.458 that it will be okay. [ AUDIENCE CHEERING ] 00:48:36.458 --> 00:48:40.716 And I think that has everything to do with being embodied in this body, and not in- 00:48:40.716 --> 00:48:43.502 so, that even as we talk about "The Black Woman's Experience", 00:48:43.502 --> 00:48:47.352 that like, the different kinds of Black women's bodies in which we end up-- 00:48:47.352 --> 00:48:51.422 [ b.h. ] But then let's talk about the point at which you realized that angle happened. 00:48:51.422 --> 00:48:52.953 And then you have-- 00:48:52.953 --> 00:48:54.912 [ MHP ] Oh, and I don't know that that is true. 00:48:54.912 --> 00:48:57.602 I mean, I show up on TV and say words 00:48:57.602 --> 00:49:01.012 because at the moment I have the cover of a powerful white man. 00:49:01.012 --> 00:49:04.306 Like at the moment a white man is like, "okay you can sit on TV and say words" 00:49:04.306 --> 00:49:08.651 and the moment that that powerful white man no longer wants me to sit on TV and say words, 00:49:08.651 --> 00:49:11.162 I will not be allowed to sit on TV and say words anymore. 00:49:11.162 --> 00:49:13.897 [ b.h. ] But every time you speak, you have a choice. 00:49:13.897 --> 00:49:19.355 And I think that part of this huge following that's here tonight for you, and that's out there in the world, 00:49:19.355 --> 00:49:23.478 is because you have exercised that choice, in a way puts you at risk, 00:49:23.478 --> 00:49:26.816 in a way that makes it seem that yes, 00:49:26.816 --> 00:49:30.685 that power force larger than you could shut you down at any moment, 00:49:30.685 --> 00:49:33.336 but you don't allow that to happen. 00:49:33.336 --> 00:49:37.394 And that's the strength that I'm talking about, that's a different kind of- 00:49:37.394 --> 00:49:40.265 it's what it means to be in resistance. 00:49:40.265 --> 00:49:43.183 I mean, all week I've been quoting my beloved Paulo Freire: 00:49:43.183 --> 00:49:48.840 "We cannot enter the struggle as objects in order to later become subjects." 00:49:48.840 --> 00:49:58.790 So you exercise the power of a redemptive subjectivity, an oppositional subjectivity right there, 00:49:58.790 --> 00:50:05.412 in the belly of the beast, knowing all the time that you could be stopped at any moment, 00:50:05.412 --> 00:50:07.059 but you don't not do it. 00:50:07.059 --> 00:50:12.806 You don't express the views of the covering person that you described. 00:50:12.806 --> 00:50:16.764 You're challenging yourself, and we challenge you. 00:50:16.764 --> 00:50:24.128 [ MHP ] But I still think of the riskier thing, of the braver thing, as- 00:50:24.128 --> 00:50:29.563 because you write, because television killed my writing. 00:50:29.563 --> 00:50:33.809 I haven't written since the show, because you write it exists forever. 00:50:33.809 --> 00:50:36.937 It's not ephemeral in the same way that broadcast is. 00:50:36.937 --> 00:50:41.282 And it feels to me so much more risky to write it, 00:50:41.282 --> 00:50:44.515 both because once you've written it, I can then quote it back to you. 00:50:44.515 --> 00:50:47.540 I can challenge you on it. I can hold you accountable to it. 00:50:47.540 --> 00:50:51.700 I can--but also because there will come a point when you are gone 00:50:51.700 --> 00:50:56.983 and the 18-year-old will still pick it up, and still read it, and still discover Black Feminism, 00:50:56.983 --> 00:51:05.369 and then you did something, bell, that is--strikes me as extremely dangerous to one's ego, 00:51:05.369 --> 00:51:12.683 which is you walked away from the brightest glare of public life. 00:51:12.683 --> 00:51:15.488 You returned to community, 00:51:15.488 --> 00:51:24.056 and the work that you are doing now feels to me like it gets rewarded in all of the ways that this system 00:51:24.056 --> 00:51:29.931 the capitalist--the system that you named so we can see the water that we're swimming in- 00:51:29.931 --> 00:51:34.197 isn't--like, the rewards won't be those rewards. 00:51:34.197 --> 00:51:42.126 [ b.h. ] But it gives me that ground to stand on from which I can sustain my oppositional self. 00:51:42.126 --> 00:51:47.427 I mean, all throughout this week and last night, we had an amazing Sister Circle of women of color, 00:51:47.427 --> 00:51:54.942 but a lot of those women were articulating how hard it is to remain oneself. 00:51:54.942 --> 00:51:59.311 Working in these systems, working here at the New School. 00:51:59.311 --> 00:52:04.263 And so I think partially, I mean, when I left New York City, I will just never forget that day. 00:52:04.263 --> 00:52:07.251 I'd been thinking suicidal thoughts. 00:52:07.251 --> 00:52:12.103 I was standing on the corner, with two shoes that didn't match, and all this other stuff. 00:52:12.103 --> 00:52:14.558 I knew that it was time to go. 00:52:14.558 --> 00:52:23.764 And to return to some type of foundation that could allow me to sustain myself. 00:52:23.764 --> 00:52:26.780 You know, when you've written a book that sells, and it's selling really well, 00:52:26.780 --> 00:52:30.267 but then suddenly you're told, "well we don't want to publish you anymore". 00:52:30.267 --> 00:52:33.932 But no reasons given, no explanations, 00:52:33.932 --> 00:52:40.488 and all of those things that as Black women testified throughout this week--they make you feel crazy. 00:52:40.488 --> 00:52:46.566 They make you feel like "okay I did the things that I was supposed to do, I arrived at the destination." 00:52:46.566 --> 00:52:50.986 And all of the sudden I come to work one day and I'm locked out. 00:52:50.986 --> 00:52:53.158 [audible compassionate reaction from audience] 00:52:53.158 --> 00:53:01.171 And so I think that for me, it's this decision to constantly think about what nurtures that radical self, 00:53:01.171 --> 00:53:03.115 what holds me up? 00:53:03.115 --> 00:53:06.278 You know, Shirley Chisholm holds me up. [ A FEW CHEERS ] 00:53:06.278 --> 00:53:09.206 I mean, when I- her "Unbought and Unbossed" taught me, 00:53:09.206 --> 00:53:12.662 much as Melissa and other people are saying that I taught them things- 00:53:12.662 --> 00:53:19.982 she taught me that I could be whoever I wanted to be without having to lie down, 00:53:19.982 --> 00:53:25.939 without having to be vulnerable and naked to the oppressor. [ SOME CLAPS ] 00:53:25.939 --> 00:53:31.479 But what I also learned from her was that the rewards would be lesser, 00:53:31.479 --> 00:53:34.078 that one would have to give up something. 00:53:34.078 --> 00:53:36.702 You know when I read, a year or so ago, 00:53:36.702 --> 00:53:40.782 and bell hooks talks--is talked about in "Ms." as "missing in action", 00:53:40.782 --> 00:53:45.375 and I think, what are they talking about? I'm sitting here writing. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:53:45.375 --> 00:53:47.746 You know? 00:53:47.746 --> 00:53:50.136 And there are things again- I talked with the students- 00:53:50.136 --> 00:53:55.309 and Melissa will respond and will begin to close-- open it up for questions- 00:53:55.309 --> 00:54:00.465 that when you are committed, you often have to do things you don't want to do. 00:54:00.465 --> 00:54:06.588 I am not interested in "Lean In," okay? You know? [ APPLAUSE ] 00:54:06.588 --> 00:54:16.159 But I wrote a piece about it because I was very disturbed by what I felt was its overall impact. 00:54:16.159 --> 00:54:21.243 And because I wasn't particularly interested, writing the piece was torturous. 00:54:21.243 --> 00:54:26.200 I was so unhappy. And people kept telling me, "Well why don't you stop? Why don't you" 00:54:26.200 --> 00:54:31.228 And all of you who know me know that I don't use, myself, much of the Internet, 00:54:31.228 --> 00:54:36.816 so it's always in collaboration with other feminist sisters and brothers, 00:54:36.816 --> 00:54:40.770 that things bell hooks get on the Internet. 00:54:40.770 --> 00:54:42.929 And so I had my colleague, Stephanie Troutman, saying, 00:54:42.929 --> 00:54:49.190 "bell, you agonized over this. You did it. Let me put it on the Internet for you." 00:54:49.190 --> 00:54:56.720 But that has been my story in writing from the beginning, that I have to say some things, 00:54:56.720 --> 00:54:59.374 but I am not always somebody who wants to say them. 00:54:59.374 --> 00:55:04.796 I want somebody else to jump up and say them, and take the heat. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 00:55:04.796 --> 00:55:06.950 [ MHP ] Yeah. 00:55:08.304 --> 00:55:14.644 [ b.h. ] And so, I mean, she said things. She takes the heat. 00:55:14.644 --> 00:55:18.780 And I just don't want you to downplay that, despite our privilege. 00:55:18.780 --> 00:55:21.572 I mean, I have an enormously privileged life, and y'all know. 00:55:21.572 --> 00:55:26.052 Y'all up in here hear me talk about my cars and my houses and different things, my cheerio privilege, 00:55:26.052 --> 00:55:35.097 leisure, solitude, but that doesn't mean that it doesn't require courage, sacrifice. 00:55:35.097 --> 00:55:42.436 It doesn't mean that there isn't a bell welter of pain, because there often is. 00:55:42.436 --> 00:55:54.829 So that we carry on precisely because of those people who we stand looking out at them- 00:55:54.829 --> 00:56:03.275 Lorraine Hansberry--so many people we could name, who remind me what I'm here to do. 00:56:03.275 --> 00:56:08.891 You know, it was Lorraine Hansberry who first taught me to start thinking critically about love. 00:56:08.891 --> 00:56:18.193 When she asked "Are Black People loving people?" Or are we so damaged and so traumatized? 00:56:18.193 --> 00:56:24.789 So that those issues of who we are and how we make our voices heard continue because, you know, 00:56:24.789 --> 00:56:33.454 it's funny how, Melissa, I feel very strongly because I have lost family to death young recently. 00:56:33.454 --> 00:56:35.166 [ VOICE BREAKING ] 00:56:35.166 --> 00:56:43.052 I feel very strongly that I can't count on a white racist world to keep the bell hooks book going. 00:56:43.052 --> 00:56:47.358 You know, and I laugh to people when say, "Oh bell, why don't you digitalize all these books?" 00:56:47.358 --> 00:56:53.938 and I say, "Yeah, the moment they're electronic, a delete button can take them out of the universe," 00:56:53.938 --> 00:56:55.979 [ APPLAUSE ] 00:56:55.979 --> 00:57:01.387 and so there is this way in which I'm struggling with how do we protect our legacies as Black females? 00:57:01.387 --> 00:57:05.110 How do we protect our voices? [ APPLAUSE ] 00:57:05.110 --> 00:57:09.476 Because y'know there's a hundred, some hundreds of men, Black and white and whatever, 00:57:09.476 --> 00:57:12.035 who we don't know anything about what they ever did, 00:57:12.035 --> 00:57:15.840 but they have their institute, they have their whatever, [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER ] 00:57:15.840 --> 00:57:21.340 and so I am asking myself at this critical juncture of my life, 00:57:21.340 --> 00:57:26.510 what am I doing to care for the legacy of my work? 00:57:26.510 --> 00:57:33.874 I am not assuming that that work, despite all of you wonderful people that are here tonight, will live, 00:57:33.874 --> 00:57:38.700 if I don't do the necessary things to continue its life. 00:57:38.700 --> 00:57:42.806 I'm going to close. Melissa's going to say stuff and we're going to have a few questions. 00:57:44.267 --> 00:57:48.816 [ MHP ] I think we can go to questions. I think... 00:57:48.816 --> 00:57:51.853 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER THEN MORE APPLAUSE ] 00:57:51.853 --> 00:57:55.531 I think there's a couple of mics in the audience. 00:57:55.531 --> 00:57:57.548 [ b.h. ] And you know, ask your question quickly 00:57:57.548 --> 00:58:03.256 'cause with Buddhist compassion I will tell you not to give that speech. Your name? [ LAUGHTER ] 00:58:10.591 --> 00:58:13.682 [ KALIMA DE JESUS ] So my name is Kalima De Jesus, 00:58:13.682 --> 00:58:18.013 and I have a question regarding the push-back around "Twelve Years a Slave". 00:58:18.013 --> 00:58:24.992 And I would like to have a conversation about- bell hooks, you said you talked about feeling like 00:58:24.992 --> 00:58:30.369 you've seen enough of the Black woman body who's been sexually assaulted, and I'm wondering 00:58:30.369 --> 00:58:34.095 how do we find a balance about telling that history 00:58:34.095 --> 00:58:41.411 of the sexual assault that Black women have endured years & years up until 2013, at this particular hour, 00:58:41.411 --> 00:58:46.908 while white women have stayed complacent? And imagine it beyond that? 00:58:46.908 --> 00:58:51.669 Holding that balance in a time when we are not being taught that at all. 00:58:51.669 --> 00:58:55.882 [ b.h. ] But we are so much more than that, and that's really more the question. 00:58:55.882 --> 00:59:00.001 The question is not how we can't image that or that it's not imaged. 00:59:00.001 --> 00:59:06.413 It's all of us and who we are that's not imaged. And why are we not? 00:59:06.413 --> 00:59:13.210 Why is there no world that wants to see the life someone like me leads as a Black female? 00:59:13.210 --> 00:59:18.755 Economically self-sufficient, solitary, disciplined, writing? 00:59:18.755 --> 00:59:22.471 Why is that not interesting, 00:59:22.471 --> 00:59:29.623 not as interesting as images of if I were being beaten, raped, if the scars were on my body? 00:59:29.623 --> 00:59:35.514 That's what concerns me more than even the sentimental slavery or whatever- 00:59:35.514 --> 00:59:40.450 is, why are we not--where's our decolonized image? 00:59:40.450 --> 00:59:44.739 [ MHP ] So, you know, it's interesting because part of what I liked about it 00:59:44.739 --> 00:59:48.940 was that we got to see Patsy making the dolls, and we got to see her even in the context of-- 00:59:48.940 --> 00:59:51.197 [ b.h. ] I even hated the little dolls. 00:59:51.197 --> 00:59:55.647 [ MHP ] Well, [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] so for me what the dolls meant, 00:59:55.647 --> 01:00:02.152 and even her ability in the context of the horror was those late-night performative dances, 01:00:02.152 --> 01:00:07.377 that in both of those contexts, she nonetheless finds- she's still human in them, right? 01:00:07.377 --> 01:00:10.847 And that her humanity isn't entirely oppositional. 01:00:10.847 --> 01:00:14.594 So we see her humanity in her oppositional moment about the soap, 01:00:14.594 --> 01:00:19.720 but there's also that she can just be playful, or that- 01:00:19.720 --> 01:00:25.607 that social death is in fact a falsehood in understanding what slavery was, 01:00:25.607 --> 01:00:27.733 that there was still humanity in it. 01:00:27.733 --> 01:00:30.138 I mean, so we have a reading of the film differently. 01:00:30.138 --> 01:00:36.313 That said, this notion of the abused Black woman's body as becoming- 01:00:36.313 --> 01:00:43.002 so I started fairly early on in the show talking about being a sexual assault survivor. 01:00:43.002 --> 01:00:46.907 And, you know, I've been doing campus work around sexual assault forever. 01:00:46.907 --> 01:00:48.281 I mean, it's not like it's a new thing. 01:00:48.281 --> 01:00:51.966 No one in my family, you know, it wasn't a new discovery. 01:00:51.966 --> 01:00:58.483 But I'm not sure that the people at the organization where I work knew it one way or another, 01:00:58.483 --> 01:01:00.704 but they sort of like it. 01:01:00.704 --> 01:01:07.325 Not that they like that I was abused, but they like me when I'm the sentimental person. 01:01:07.325 --> 01:01:12.407 So they like when I write the letter to Trayvon Martin's mother, to Sybrina Fulton, 01:01:12.407 --> 01:01:20.657 which is legitimately how I felt, Black mother to Black mother, but is, as bell was saying earlier, 01:01:20.657 --> 01:01:25.408 but what it takes both to write it, and to deliver it on air, 01:01:25.408 --> 01:01:30.186 and then to live with the consequences of having it delivered on air, is a lot. 01:01:30.186 --> 01:01:33.015 It's very costly. It's very expensive. 01:01:33.015 --> 01:01:37.659 So, it is both something that is meaningful to do, and very expensive. 01:01:37.659 --> 01:01:41.150 And so because it's very expensive, I don't want to do it a lot, right? 01:01:41.150 --> 01:01:43.155 I want to do it, but I don't want to do it every week. 01:01:43.155 --> 01:01:45.349 It's just because shit hurts. 01:01:45.349 --> 01:01:48.741 And then like, I remember when I did one of the letters around sexual assault 01:01:48.741 --> 01:01:53.540 and then we had done it at like 10:30, so I had an hour-and-a-half of show left. 01:01:53.540 --> 01:01:55.868 So you know I sat down and I said to myself, 01:01:55.868 --> 01:01:58.674 okay sexual assault survivor, now it's time for dissociation. 01:01:58.674 --> 01:02:02.236 Now we're going to practice our dissociation practice... here we go! 01:02:02.354 --> 01:02:06.041 All right, half-and-a-half of now talking about Syria and something else. 01:02:06.041 --> 01:02:08.135 So it's costly, so I don't like to do it a lot. 01:02:08.135 --> 01:02:09.952 [ b.h. ] Yes. And you shouldn't do it a lot. 01:02:09.952 --> 01:02:15.869 [ MHP ] Right, but that's what--but, back to the market--that's the market. 01:02:15.869 --> 01:02:24.479 People like that Melissa. When Melissa is angry, yelling at the economist, right? 01:02:24.479 --> 01:02:27.356 [ b.h. ] I'll say "clear", and "exact". 01:02:27.356 --> 01:02:31.957 [ MHP ] Exacting. When Melissa is goofy, as I pretty often am, 01:02:31.957 --> 01:02:34.637 and sometimes kind of goofy over-the-line, 01:02:34.637 --> 01:02:43.829 sometimes goofy over-the-line wearing feminine products in my ears. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 01:02:43.829 --> 01:02:51.499 The desire not to see me--I mean people say to me, "That's not you. You're not that. Don't do that." 01:02:51.499 --> 01:02:55.219 Well of course I'm that. Of course I'm silly and goofy and crazy and over-the-top, 01:02:55.219 --> 01:02:58.871 and sometimes I'm kind of, you know, sexy and bad and fly and all that. 01:02:58.871 --> 01:03:03.711 And sometimes I am mad, and sometimes I am very sad, and hurt, and in pain. 01:03:03.711 --> 01:03:08.722 Like, because, well, shit. I'm human. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING AND CLAPPING ] 01:03:08.722 --> 01:03:12.640 But I do think--and on this one, bell- this notion of range- 01:03:12.640 --> 01:03:16.007 like not only in our consumption in popular culture, 01:03:16.007 --> 01:03:20.335 but our desire to consume "The Strong Black Woman" 01:03:20.335 --> 01:03:23.819 who overcomes the worst circumstances, 01:03:23.819 --> 01:03:26.334 is the thing that we like the best. 01:03:26.334 --> 01:03:31.970 And I say "we" like both the broad American public, Black people, "we like strong black women". 01:03:31.970 --> 01:03:35.878 But we pitiful Black women, funny Black- we already know we don't like funny Black Women- 01:03:35.878 --> 01:03:40.202 but you can't get a job, right? [ LAUGHING AND APPLAUSE ] 01:03:40.202 --> 01:03:44.009 We are live streaming--I keep forgetting we are on the air. [ LAUGHTER AND APPLAUSE ] 01:03:44.009 --> 01:03:48.420 Right? [ OVERLAPPING WORDS, APPLAUSE ] No job and I get really get bad-- 01:03:48.420 --> 01:03:52.150 [ b.h. ] So what we're really talking about is that whole- 01:03:52.150 --> 01:03:58.120 the whole question of what does it mean to have optimal emotional well-being? 01:03:58.120 --> 01:04:02.781 'Cause when you have optimal emotional well-being, you can be whole. 01:04:02.781 --> 01:04:07.531 You can be the diversities of who yourself is, and so you're saying... 01:04:07.531 --> 01:04:17.173 you know, we have to resist again and again, people trying to deny us that space of emotional well-being, 01:04:17.173 --> 01:04:22.831 by keeping us trapped into the plantation culture that says "this is who we are". 01:04:22.831 --> 01:04:25.717 Your name, your quick question? 01:04:25.717 --> 01:04:31.622 Ariel Rojas: Oh! [ LAUGHTER ] You caught me by surprise. 01:04:31.622 --> 01:04:37.053 No, I was thinking about your, the finishing optimal... 01:04:37.053 --> 01:04:38.516 [ b.h. ] Well-being. 01:04:38.516 --> 01:04:41.892 [ AUDIENCE MEMBER ] Well-being. All right, so my name is Ariel 01:04:41.892 --> 01:04:46.385 and I'm the president and founder of a non-profit organization called Transdiaspora Network. 01:04:46.385 --> 01:04:49.867 And I work with inner-city kids. 01:04:49.867 --> 01:04:59.834 I always participate in these forums in a very candid way because I do believe that dialogue 01:04:59.834 --> 01:05:05.706 and communication is a good way to create ourness. 01:05:05.706 --> 01:05:09.636 Yeah, yeah I'm getting there. [ LAUGHTER ] 01:05:09.636 --> 01:05:14.176 But I'm putting this in context, because for me, 01:05:14.176 --> 01:05:17.435 as the leader of a non-profit organization working with inner-city kids, 01:05:17.435 --> 01:05:28.881 it's kind of--to see the disconnection between the high cultural elite of Black people producing culture, 01:05:28.881 --> 01:05:37.143 with what's going on in the inner-city Black sort-of-plantation neighborhoods. 01:05:37.143 --> 01:05:41.305 That sometimes you see girls that even when they turn 17 01:05:41.305 --> 01:05:48.861 they haven't even been on the Brooklyn Promenade to see that view of Manhattan, that is very popular-- 01:05:48.861 --> 01:05:50.809 [ MHP ] You gotta ask a question though. 01:05:50.809 --> 01:05:52.806 [ ROJAS ] No, no, I'm going to ask a question. 01:05:52.806 --> 01:05:54.401 [ MHP ] Okay, okay, yeah. 01:05:54.401 --> 01:05:59.535 [ ROJAS ] Okay so how we--how we the Black Leaders, can create a contrast, 01:05:59.535 --> 01:06:05.400 not to white men, but how we can create a colorful palette, 01:06:05.400 --> 01:06:11.738 in order to educate the young generations with these powerful contents that you create, 01:06:11.738 --> 01:06:15.262 in order to fight injustice. 01:06:15.262 --> 01:06:21.414 [ MHP ] I just--I gotta disagree with you that culture is made by the Black elite. 01:06:21.414 --> 01:06:27.104 You know, I live in New Orleans. The culture is made actually by the inner-city kids. 01:06:27.104 --> 01:06:34.773 The most powerful diasporic cultural tradition currently operating in the world 01:06:34.773 --> 01:06:39.865 was made by Black and Puerto Rican kids in the inner cities of this city. 01:06:39.865 --> 01:06:43.292 Now what I will say is, living in New Orleans, 01:06:43.292 --> 01:06:46.844 in a place where poor people are the people who create the culture that is then-- 01:06:46.844 --> 01:06:48.443 [ b.h. ] --marketed. 01:06:48.443 --> 01:06:50.358 [ MHP ] --that is then sold. 01:06:50.358 --> 01:06:56.838 It's like so then now the consensus on both the Right and the Left is that--what's happening, for example, 01:06:56.838 --> 01:07:00.373 the New Orleans school systems is good. This is improvement in the schools. 01:07:00.373 --> 01:07:02.432 And of course one of the most important things 01:07:02.432 --> 01:07:05.117 is that we ripped out all music education from the schools. 01:07:05.117 --> 01:07:07.390 So I actually don't think we need to go teach kids culture. 01:07:07.390 --> 01:07:10.549 I think we just need to give young people-- wealthy and poor-- 01:07:10.549 --> 01:07:12.952 the tools, and they will create the culture. 01:07:12.952 --> 01:07:14.940 [ ROJAS ] That's what I'm talking about. Creating the tools. 01:07:14.940 --> 01:07:19.219 [ MHP ] I mean, well yeah. Resources. Resources. I mean, for me it's resources. Like I don't-- 01:07:19.219 --> 01:07:20.699 [ b.h. ] I just-- 01:07:20.699 --> 01:07:22.435 [ MHP ] --I don't think we need to go tell them what to do-- 01:07:22.435 --> 01:07:24.200 [ ROJAS ] No, no, I'm talking more about tools and ways-- 01:07:24.200 --> 01:07:26.225 [ b.h. ] --I--I want to add--add to this-- 01:07:26.225 --> 01:07:28.450 [ ROJAS ] to defend themselves because what happens when they ... 01:07:28.450 --> 01:07:29.876 [ OVERLAPPING / INAUDIBLE... AUDIENCE BECOMES UNSETTLED ] 01:07:29.876 --> 01:07:31.641 [ OTHER AUDIENCE MEMBER ] Brother, we don't talk while she was talking. 01:07:31.641 --> 01:07:35.300 We should answer up someone else's questions. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHTER AND ANNOYANCE ] 01:07:35.300 --> 01:07:41.363 [ b.h. ] I want to say that plantation culture is not just the culture that the poor lived within. 01:07:41.363 --> 01:07:45.244 We are all living within plantation culture. 01:07:45.244 --> 01:07:49.861 Our roles, our resources, are maybe radically different, 01:07:49.861 --> 01:07:56.617 but it's part of some false notion of privilege to believe that we are somehow not touched 01:07:56.617 --> 01:08:03.294 by the plantation culture that the very very people on the bottom are living. 01:08:03.294 --> 01:08:12.943 Harsher lives, riskier lives, but the plantation culture is what the U.S. is making in the world, 01:08:12.943 --> 01:08:17.876 and it is what is sustaining here. Your question, my sweet, your name? 01:08:17.876 --> 01:08:22.810 [ TANYA FIELDS ] My name's Tanya Fields. I was actually on Melissa's show last month. 01:08:22.810 --> 01:08:24.612 [ b.h. ] Yes, I saw you. 01:08:24.612 --> 01:08:26.856 [ FIELDS ] I'm a low-income mom living in New York, 01:08:26.856 --> 01:08:29.235 and my daughter's first board book was "Happy to be Nappy". 01:08:29.235 --> 01:08:30.818 [ b.h. ] All right. [laughing] 01:08:30.818 --> 01:08:33.589 [ FIELDS ] And the words that you guys are saying right now are so sustaining. 01:08:33.589 --> 01:08:37.726 As a low-income Black mother, I have been struggling to find my voice, 01:08:37.726 --> 01:08:40.235 and so I've been using my platforms: Twitter, Facebook, 01:08:40.235 --> 01:08:43.159 and talking about this being a whole person, 01:08:43.159 --> 01:08:47.061 what it means to be unmarried with three baby daddies and four kids. [ AUDIENCE AGREEMENT ] 01:08:47.061 --> 01:08:52.720 The pushback that I am often feeling is not from the white folks in the community, 01:08:52.720 --> 01:08:56.653 it is from the other sisters who tear me down, [ AUDIENCE: "MMHM", APPLAUSE ] 01:08:56.653 --> 01:09:00.862 tell me that the reason I am low-income is because I didn't have the insight to choose good men, 01:09:00.862 --> 01:09:06.443 that I should have kept my hand out and my mouth closed, and my legs closed, and kept my hand out. 01:09:06.443 --> 01:09:09.677 And so I'm trying to figure out as we talk about this plantation culture, 01:09:09.677 --> 01:09:11.781 as I try to rise above my circumstances 01:09:11.781 --> 01:09:15.810 and literally create meals that the babies in my community can eat, 01:09:15.810 --> 01:09:19.666 how do we--it stops you from wanting to have that voice. 01:09:19.666 --> 01:09:21.500 I have people who tell me, 01:09:21.500 --> 01:09:24.546 "When you talk about being low-income, don't talk about feeding your kids on food stamps. 01:09:24.546 --> 01:09:28.889 You don't need an audience for that. Suffer in shame and in silence. 01:09:28.889 --> 01:09:35.300 The situation that you are feeling is your own, and is a product of your own bad choice." 01:09:35.300 --> 01:09:38.887 I am pregnant with my fifth child and just had this man walk out on me. 01:09:38.887 --> 01:09:41.440 How do you wake up every morning and- 01:09:41.440 --> 01:09:45.526 I consider myself a Black Feminist but some days it's just so hard to get out of the bed 01:09:45.526 --> 01:09:49.055 and face other Black people. [ APPLAUSE ] 01:09:57.352 --> 01:10:01.429 [ b.h. ] Take it, mom. I said "take it." I actually said, "take it, mom." 01:10:01.429 --> 01:10:13.150 [ MHP ] So that is, that is exactly what the whole thing is designed to do. 01:10:13.150 --> 01:10:19.010 The language you used-- "sit alone in your shame and suffer alone". 01:10:22.344 --> 01:10:24.830 So, um--[ VOICE BREAKING ] 01:10:29.825 --> 01:10:34.132 [ APPLAUSE ] 01:10:34.132 --> 01:10:46.545 [ SPEAKING INAUDIBLY AWAY FROM MIC, COMFORTING TONE] [ SNIFFLING, MORE APPLAUSE* ] 01:11:10.955 --> 01:11:13.950 [ SPEAKING INTO MIC AGAIN ] Um--so it's just to say that- 01:11:13.950 --> 01:11:16.213 -so, you know, I could turn into my academic self 01:11:16.213 --> 01:11:20.180 which says that the reason that people who are most vulnerable to being in your exact same circumstance 01:11:20.180 --> 01:11:24.370 are the ones who most want to shame you, is because--it's the same reason that- 01:11:24.370 --> 01:11:26.367 it's the sorority girls on campus who say 01:11:26.367 --> 01:11:30.835 that you gotta keep yourself from getting raped by not drinking. 01:11:30.835 --> 01:11:37.400 It's because--it's the same reason that the churches that are growing among Black folks 01:11:37.400 --> 01:11:43.357 are the prosperity health-and-wealth ones, instead of liberation and theology churches, right? 01:11:43.357 --> 01:11:47.868 And it is because it is much easier to believe that we can solve inequality 01:11:47.868 --> 01:11:50.999 by pulling up our pants, or keeping our legs closed. 01:11:50.999 --> 01:11:58.606 Right, so it allows you to wipe away all of the structural realities that require collective action, 01:11:58.606 --> 01:12:03.495 and that require work that goes over and past your own life. 01:12:03.495 --> 01:12:07.048 So if it's just your individual decision-making- that I'm safe from it. 01:12:07.048 --> 01:12:08.930 So as long as I make a different decision, 01:12:08.930 --> 01:12:13.513 I will never be vulnerable to poverty, or to heart-ache, or to pain. [ APPLAUSE ] 01:12:13.513 --> 01:12:17.174 And I will just say, you know, that your point about making all the right choices--right? 01:12:17.174 --> 01:12:20.482 So I can remember the point at which I became a single parent, 01:12:20.482 --> 01:12:22.946 and I was like, okay but whoa wait a minute. 01:12:22.946 --> 01:12:28.785 I did everything right, and I got my degree first, and then I got married, and- 01:12:28.785 --> 01:12:33.892 no, actually, I got my degree first, then I got married, then I bought a house, then I got pregnant. 01:12:33.892 --> 01:12:38.543 I'm supposed to be all good, and that motherfucker be like "Peace out". 01:12:38.543 --> 01:12:41.459 And went, and just was- and there I stood, with a baby. 01:12:41.459 --> 01:12:43.910 Now I stood there with a baby and a degree and as a home-owner. 01:12:43.910 --> 01:12:49.931 So the shame? I didn't have to--so because it's not really about being a single-parent. 01:12:49.931 --> 01:12:54.768 It's about being poor. The thing you're supposed to be ashamed of is being poor. 01:12:54.768 --> 01:13:01.363 And so it's as though--I will just say that that shaming--it is a defense mechanism 01:13:01.363 --> 01:13:04.506 to keep people from having to do the hard work of organizing, 01:13:04.506 --> 01:13:08.497 and it is the most dangerous thing in marginalized communities. 01:13:08.497 --> 01:13:12.384 It is the most dangerous thing, because then we do not organize, 01:13:12.384 --> 01:13:15.224 because we can just say that "if only you had made different choices", 01:13:15.224 --> 01:13:18.325 then everything would be fine". [ APPLAUSE ] 01:13:26.943 --> 01:13:29.320 [ b.h. ] I think we have to remember constantly 01:13:29.320 --> 01:13:36.897 that shaming is one of the deepest tools of imperialist white-supremacist capitalist patriarchy, 01:13:36.897 --> 01:13:39.799 because shame produces trauma. 01:13:39.799 --> 01:13:43.144 And trauma often produces paralysis. [ AUDIENCE: "YEAH"s ] 01:13:43.144 --> 01:13:46.809 So when that sister said that there are days when she can't get out of bed, 01:13:46.809 --> 01:13:51.810 lots of us experience that sense of paralysis. 01:13:51.810 --> 01:13:59.753 So that that healing--I have to go back to--I'm not going to belabor it--but to emotional well-being, 01:13:59.753 --> 01:14:05.695 because we've got to have some mechanisms to resist what is out there, 01:14:05.695 --> 01:14:07.983 to resist the constant shaming. 01:14:07.983 --> 01:14:09.414 Your name? 01:14:09.414 --> 01:14:11.993 [ CHARMIN ] Hi I'm Charmin. I go to CUNY 01:14:11.993 --> 01:14:15.164 and I just want to say that this was one of the most beautiful audiences I've ever seen. 01:14:15.164 --> 01:14:16.753 [ b.h. ] Hello, yay! 01:14:16.753 --> 01:14:20.330 [ CHARMIN ] And I'd like to extend my invitation to more public universities and institutions, 01:14:20.330 --> 01:14:23.802 where people that look like us are wanting your presence, 01:14:23.802 --> 01:14:28.096 especially because you guys don't come here too often, so just want to put that out there. 01:14:28.096 --> 01:14:32.832 And I also wanted to say that as a political organizer that is looking to demilitarize CUNY, 01:14:32.832 --> 01:14:36.622 kicking Petraeus out of CUNY, [ CROWD CHEERS ] kicking militarism out of CUNY, 01:14:36.622 --> 01:14:42.441 how do we deal with those hyper-masculine personalities that have values of anti-imperialism 01:14:42.441 --> 01:14:48.499 and anti-racism but end up making me feel uncomfortable in spaces of radical organizing, 01:14:48.499 --> 01:14:52.102 where we're talking about these really, really important issues 01:14:52.102 --> 01:14:56.186 but understanding that imperialism is in your blood, brotha, and that's exactly what you're showing me 01:14:56.186 --> 01:14:58.413 when you're shutting me up to cut the mic, right? 01:14:58.413 --> 01:15:04.021 So I just want a healthy way to deal with that sis, 'cos I cant do anti-military organizing right now, 01:15:04.021 --> 01:15:08.938 just 'cos of the hyper-masculinity and the way that it's going but I am invested, you know. 01:15:08.938 --> 01:15:10.539 [ b.h. ] Okay--okay. [ LAUGHTER ] 01:15:10.539 --> 01:15:12.602 [ CHARMIN ] I'm sorry. I just got interrupted, that's all. 01:15:12.602 --> 01:15:16.352 [ b.h. ] Well, I don't--I'm not going to have a long answer to that, but I also want to encourage us, 01:15:16.352 --> 01:15:19.509 as we talked about in my undergraduate class today, 01:15:19.509 --> 01:15:25.124 when we talk about hyper-masculinity, if what we mean is patriarchy, that is what we need to say. 01:15:25.124 --> 01:15:26.661 [ CHARMIN ] Okay. 01:15:26.661 --> 01:15:31.900 [ b.h. ] Because we have to have a space to love, to revere, and to honor that which is masculine, 01:15:31.900 --> 01:15:34.924 but is not patriarchal. 01:15:34.924 --> 01:15:37.973 And if we are constantly equating the two, 01:15:37.973 --> 01:15:43.808 then we are part of the assault on masculinity on Black males. 01:15:43.808 --> 01:15:48.018 [ APPLAUSE ] Are you--do you want to speak to that? 01:15:48.018 --> 01:15:51.821 [ MHP ] So I appreciate you dividing up the masculinity and the patriarchy. 01:15:51.821 --> 01:15:56.120 I think that's a critical one that we don't do and part of what I would say is, mhmm. 01:15:56.120 --> 01:16:04.830 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] Yep. And... true. 01:16:04.830 --> 01:16:16.940 [ MORE LAUGHTER ] And y'know, in very public ways, bell hooks and I have both encountered that- 01:16:16.940 --> 01:16:20.902 the entire history of Black women's organizing. 01:16:20.902 --> 01:16:26.345 But then I'll always say that Black women have performed that, particularly straight Black women 01:16:26.345 --> 01:16:31.075 have performed that around queer women of color. 01:16:31.075 --> 01:16:37.812 Privileged women of color have performed that around undocumented and poor women. 01:16:37.812 --> 01:16:43.901 And even within LGBT movements, cis women, even cis gay women, 01:16:43.901 --> 01:16:45.856 perform that around trans women. 01:16:45.856 --> 01:16:47.603 [ A FEW CLAPS ] 01:16:47.603 --> 01:16:52.505 And so that, I think it's part of the importance of pulling out hyper-masculinity, 01:16:52.505 --> 01:16:57.628 because you can be quite femme and be performing the same-- 01:16:57.628 --> 01:16:59.214 [ b.h. ] Patriarchal bull. 01:16:59.214 --> 01:17:01.755 [ MHP ] --patriarchal bull, taking the mic, right? 01:17:01.755 --> 01:17:04.405 So it's just to say that that "uh-huh"? 01:17:04.405 --> 01:17:09.646 That's why it's easier to say "pull up your pants and close up your legs", because organizing is hard. 01:17:09.646 --> 01:17:15.106 Because people--I mean, who doesn't love people like in theory? But the actual people? 01:17:15.106 --> 01:17:19.417 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING AND CLAPPING ] 01:17:19.417 --> 01:17:24.260 I mean, the actual people are very annoying, and hard, and difficult, 01:17:24.260 --> 01:17:31.641 and you have to give a little and get a little and it's aaahhh. [ LAUGHTER ] So, welcome. 01:17:31.641 --> 01:17:35.093 [ EBONY MURPHY-ROOT ] Hello, my name is Ebony Murphy-Root, 01:17:35.093 --> 01:17:39.752 I'm a middle-school English teacher from Hartford, Connecticut, currently working here. 01:17:39.752 --> 01:17:41.849 [ SOME CLAPPING ] 01:17:41.849 --> 01:17:45.644 And Dr. hooks, you've talked a lot about Black and white female schoolteachers. 01:17:45.644 --> 01:17:48.910 [ AWAY FROM MIC ] You obviously cover a lot of ed reform in your show, Dr. Harris-Perry. 01:17:48.910 --> 01:17:54.535 Where are the Black female voices? The Black female working, schoolteacher voices in ed reform? 01:17:54.535 --> 01:17:58.218 Because I feel like oftentimes, working as a public- school teacher in Hartford Connecticut, 01:17:58.218 --> 01:18:02.501 working now, that we are being blamed for a culture that we did not create, 01:18:02.501 --> 01:18:06.791 for problems that come in every day at schools that we didn't--we didn't create. 01:18:06.791 --> 01:18:13.171 And yet we are being dehumanized and excluded from this conversation. [ APPLAUSE ] 01:18:13.171 --> 01:18:16.704 [ MHP ] Well, I mean, you asked where you are. You are the targets, dear. 01:18:16.704 --> 01:18:24.334 You are the reason that there is a powerful anti-union, anti-teacher 01:18:24.334 --> 01:18:29.490 "go get the TFA Ivy Leaguers to teach the babies instead". 01:18:29.490 --> 01:18:38.225 I mean, it is not a mistake that the sector that is dominated by educated women of color 01:18:38.225 --> 01:18:42.865 performing a task of reproduction 01:18:42.865 --> 01:18:49.951 is the one where there is bipartisan consensus to destroy it. [ AUDIENCE AGREEMENT ] 01:18:49.951 --> 01:18:54.865 So that's where you are. You've got the target on your back, and it is the very reality 01:18:54.865 --> 01:18:59.196 that those are the bodies most impacted by the dehumanization movement, 01:18:59.196 --> 01:19:05.202 by the chartering movement, and by the movement to bring TFAs into and actually staff-hold. 01:19:05.202 --> 01:19:08.973 So, TFA is a lovely program at its initiation, 01:19:08.973 --> 01:19:13.384 which is the idea that wealthy, Ivy-League, privileged children, 01:19:13.384 --> 01:19:18.312 should go and spend a little time in the world before they run off to run the world, right? 01:19:18.312 --> 01:19:20.489 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 01:19:20.489 --> 01:19:24.766 It's actually a really--and I mean I know I'm saying that sort of sarcastically--but it's a smart idea, right? 01:19:24.766 --> 01:19:29.048 Before you go off and make policy, before you go to Wall Street, before you go and run for office, 01:19:29.048 --> 01:19:30.949 spend two years in the classroom. 01:19:30.949 --> 01:19:35.500 Because what that does is it was a program whose focus was on the young person, right? 01:19:35.500 --> 01:19:38.219 Not the student, you aren't going in to save the student. 01:19:38.219 --> 01:19:44.966 You're going in to save yourself, right? And that's good. Like, yes! Great idea. We should do that. 01:19:44.966 --> 01:19:47.407 Because then you would go get a little humility, 01:19:47.407 --> 01:19:50.624 and you would sit quietly and listen to a teacher who would tell you things, and you would learn, 01:19:50.624 --> 01:19:52.474 and you would observe, and you would walk away. 01:19:52.474 --> 01:19:56.979 The problem with TFA came when it stopped being about the salvation of the privileged, 01:19:56.979 --> 01:20:01.286 who needed a little saving of their full humanity in order to be better policy-makers, 01:20:01.286 --> 01:20:08.138 and instead, became that somehow they would save the children and the classrooms 01:20:08.138 --> 01:20:13.171 from professional teachers who'd committed their lives to working for very little pay, 01:20:13.171 --> 01:20:18.880 very few resources, in schools. [ APPLAUSE ] 01:20:18.880 --> 01:20:23.264 So, yeah, that's why you're not at the table. 01:20:23.264 --> 01:20:29.250 Because you're the thing that we are seeking to destroy in education reform. 01:20:30.625 --> 01:20:37.688 [ b.h. ] Okay we are going to hear these questions and try to answer. 01:20:37.688 --> 01:20:41.413 We'll hear the three of them because our time is coming to a close. 01:20:41.413 --> 01:20:43.559 Your question, sweetheart, your name? 01:20:43.559 --> 01:20:46.729 [ ZEYNAB ] My name is Zeynab, and my question is, was there a moment for both of you? 01:20:46.729 --> 01:20:48.936 Was there a moment when you realized that this is it- 01:20:48.936 --> 01:20:51.638 I need to write, I need to say something- I need to talk? 01:20:51.638 --> 01:20:59.428 And how did you push back against the urge? I mean, like, if you had the urge to silence yourself? 01:20:59.428 --> 01:21:03.420 [ b.h. ] Okay, so we'll hold that. Your question? 01:21:03.420 --> 01:21:08.039 We're going to hear all these four questions and--yes, darling? 01:21:08.039 --> 01:21:10.181 [ NIKISHA LEWIS ] Hi, my name is Nikisha Lewis, and you talked about the gap 01:21:10.181 --> 01:21:13.552 that currently exists between men and women in the Black community. 01:21:13.552 --> 01:21:18.227 And so, as I'm thinking about Renisha McBride today, and the outrage that doesn't 01:21:18.227 --> 01:21:20.684 I feel, doesn't yet exist over her life 01:21:20.684 --> 01:21:24.506 the loss of her life, as it existed over the loss of Trayvon Martin's life. 01:21:24.506 --> 01:21:27.895 I'm really angry and fighting back tears in my work every day. 01:21:27.895 --> 01:21:33.378 So how do we bridge this gap, this divide, in our community, so that we can value all of our lives, 01:21:33.378 --> 01:21:38.086 Black women's and girls' lives, as much as we value the men and boys that we love dearly? 01:21:38.086 --> 01:21:39.965 [ b.h. ] Okay, and--? 01:21:39.965 --> 01:21:42.757 [ VIRGINIA ] Hi My name is Virginia, I'm here with Public Allies, and my question is, 01:21:42.757 --> 01:21:47.160 how instrumental is the male and/or white ally in the movement against patriarchy? 01:21:47.160 --> 01:21:57.562 [ MIXED AUDIENCE REACTION OF TALKING AND LAUGHING ] 01:21:57.562 --> 01:22:01.982 [ AUDIENCE MEMBER ] Hi, I have a question about African-American imperialism, 01:22:01.982 --> 01:22:07.512 and the mode at which we are privileged in our idea of Blackness, 01:22:07.512 --> 01:22:13.174 and we throw Blackness around as if we all understand what that is, 01:22:13.174 --> 01:22:17.598 and we travel the world--there is a world out there, a global world out there that we exist in, 01:22:17.598 --> 01:22:20.892 that identifies with Blackness as an othering. 01:22:20.892 --> 01:22:23.892 so how do we leave room for that conversation 01:22:23.892 --> 01:22:28.493 when we start to inflict capitalist ways of thinking on other people? [ APPLAUSE ] 01:22:29.949 --> 01:22:36.401 [ b.h. ] Well, I'm going to start with that question of "Why can't we value Black female lives?" 01:22:36.401 --> 01:22:43.555 Until we challenge patriarchy, there is going to be no valuing of Black women's lives 01:22:43.555 --> 01:22:52.311 over the small valuing of Black male lives that takes place, because the very structure militates against it. 01:22:52.311 --> 01:22:58.583 So, I mean, one of the things I've always felt so strongly, and really express in "We Real Cool", 01:22:58.583 --> 01:23:04.177 is the depths of Black male woundedness by patriarchal terrorism. 01:23:04.177 --> 01:23:08.330 And until that--those wounds get addressed in some way, 01:23:08.330 --> 01:23:14.030 I don't think we're going to get the respect, the recognition, the care, 01:23:14.030 --> 01:23:19.713 because I was thinking about how even Oscar Grant's mother is portrayed at the end of the film, 01:23:19.713 --> 01:23:21.941 as blaming herself. 01:23:21.941 --> 01:23:30.616 She should not have, you know, not that we get a full-on calling-out of the system that destroys him. 01:23:32.754 --> 01:23:39.055 [ MHP ] So, yes, and, I think part of what happens is 01:23:39.055 --> 01:23:44.290 so I assume when you say "we value", I assume you mean "Black communities" 01:23:44.290 --> 01:23:49.194 part of what I would suggest is that what works for us 01:23:49.194 --> 01:23:52.457 is tropes that are connected to something that we understand. 01:23:52.457 --> 01:23:56.547 And this is something--I'm still thinking about your critique of "Twelve Years a Slave". 01:23:56.547 --> 01:24:02.694 And so, one of the tropes that we understand about Black women's suffering 01:24:02.694 --> 01:24:06.698 is the idea of a Black woman raped by the white male slaveowner, right? That one we get. 01:24:06.698 --> 01:24:10.949 So, if you go back to the case, the Duke lacrosse case, right? 01:24:10.949 --> 01:24:14.362 You had immediate community mobilization. 01:24:14.362 --> 01:24:18.037 I mean, that day, that night called for action [ SWOOSH! ] 01:24:18.037 --> 01:24:25.007 because that trope--"Black woman sexually assaulted by white man, in South, on old plantation"- 01:24:25.007 --> 01:24:28.177 like, we--that one we understood. We had a thing to hang it on. 01:24:28.177 --> 01:24:31.375 We know the story that it is, and we can tell it. 01:24:31.375 --> 01:24:33.918 Now, so pause for me on that a moment on that, and let's go to all... 01:24:33.918 --> 01:24:38.471 various stories about Black men's victimization, 01:24:38.471 --> 01:24:44.801 and the ways in which those stories often hang on the trope that we know that is the lynching trope. 01:24:44.801 --> 01:24:48.749 So we like to forget, because it's painful to remember, 01:24:48.749 --> 01:24:52.982 that in the week after Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, 01:24:52.982 --> 01:24:58.402 during his hearing about Anita Hill said, "This is a high-tech lynching", 01:24:58.402 --> 01:25:02.384 that the public opinion polls showed that greater than 50% of African-Americans 01:25:02.384 --> 01:25:06.480 supported Clarence Thomas' confirmation to the bench. 01:25:06.480 --> 01:25:11.372 Now I think that's because he used the trope of lynching, and that we're like "oh yeah, right! 01:25:11.372 --> 01:25:15.163 "Black man, white"--you know--"Joe Biden and the other white guy saying mean things" 01:25:15.163 --> 01:25:18.114 "that looks like lynching--I know that trope." 01:25:18.114 --> 01:25:21.312 And of course, no one's ever been lynched for what they've done to a Black woman. 01:25:21.312 --> 01:25:24.890 White men don't posse up to go get a Black man for what he did to a Black woman. 01:25:24.890 --> 01:25:33.343 But that story is why there was increased radio play of R. Kelly after he raped a child in our community. 01:25:33.343 --> 01:25:37.694 It's why people don't want to believe Mike Tyson did it, right? 01:25:37.694 --> 01:25:44.247 Because we get the "vulnerable Black man facing white lynch mob" 01:25:44.247 --> 01:25:48.031 that's the story that the Trayvon Martin story fits into for us. 01:25:48.031 --> 01:25:52.084 Marissa Alexander doesn't fit our story 01:25:52.084 --> 01:25:56.826 because she is shooting a gun at an abusive Black husband coming at her. 01:25:56.826 --> 01:26:01.453 We don't have--we may know that... we may intimately know that story, 01:26:01.453 --> 01:26:08.107 but we don't have a "story"--a trope, a thing--that is the abuse of Black women's bodies by Black men. 01:26:08.107 --> 01:26:12.318 And in the case of Renisha, I don't think we yet have coped with. 01:26:12.318 --> 01:26:16.261 Because when the Trayvon Martin moment happened, and the Zimmerman verdict happened, 01:26:16.261 --> 01:26:20.506 all of us were saying, "these are the conversations that we have with our sons, 01:26:20.506 --> 01:26:22.337 about our sons' public safety". 01:26:22.337 --> 01:26:27.504 And I think we have missed how much our girls are equally vulnerable in that space. [ APPLAUSE ] 01:26:27.504 --> 01:26:30.829 So we don't have a good... we don't have a good trope. 01:26:30.829 --> 01:26:36.123 We don't have a thing to call why a white man opening the door--right, 01:26:36.123 --> 01:26:38.339 so allegedly what we think we know at this point, 01:26:38.339 --> 01:26:42.507 is that he opens the door and sees her as a physical threat to him. 01:26:42.507 --> 01:26:48.258 We don't--like, what is the story? So we know "white man creeping down and raping the Black woman", 01:26:48.258 --> 01:26:51.413 but we don't know "white man afraid of Black woman knocking at his door". 01:26:51.413 --> 01:26:56.798 Like, what is that story, right? So part of it is, I think just a general devaluation, but the other part of it is, 01:26:56.798 --> 01:27:00.678 I think if it doesn't fit a story that we have easily available to us? 01:27:00.678 --> 01:27:05.075 And there aren't very many stories about our victimization that are easily available, 01:27:05.075 --> 01:27:09.343 that we can employ and use, and so we're going to have to generate those. 01:27:09.343 --> 01:27:13.493 I do think that's part of it, at least. 01:27:13.493 --> 01:27:18.322 [ b.h. ] So there was the question about writing. Was there a moment? 01:27:18.322 --> 01:27:22.064 And for me those moments are just ongoing and endless, 01:27:22.064 --> 01:27:26.627 but they began for me as a girl in Virginia Street Baptist Church, 01:27:26.627 --> 01:27:32.011 when I was encouraged to write for our church magazine and stuff like that. 01:27:32.011 --> 01:27:34.310 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 01:27:40.048 --> 01:27:42.367 [ MHP ] Are you--dear, are you a writer? 01:27:42.367 --> 01:27:45.011 [ ZEYNAB, BARELY AUDIBLE, NO MIC ] Yeah. [ LAUGHTER ] 01:27:46.660 --> 01:27:49.040 [ MHP ] Do you feel that impulse to write? 01:27:49.040 --> 01:27:51.156 [ ZEYNAB ] Yeah. 01:27:51.156 --> 01:27:53.906 [ MHP ] And you feel it even when there's other stuff to be done? 01:27:53.906 --> 01:27:56.276 [ ZEYNAB ] Nah, I don't think so. [ LAUGHTER ] 01:27:58.572 --> 01:28:00.921 [ MHP ] So I wonder, 'cause you asked about the silencing. 01:28:00.921 --> 01:28:03.585 Do you self-edit when you're writing, like you're pulling back? 01:28:03.585 --> 01:28:05.779 [ ZEYNAB ] Yeah. 01:28:06.673 --> 01:28:08.752 [ MHP ] Only when you're writing for yourself, 01:28:08.752 --> 01:28:12.054 or when you're also writing... so if you're writing for yourself, it's all there. 01:28:12.054 --> 01:28:17.526 But if you're writing for an audience, you're pulling it back? Who's the audience typically, teachers? 01:28:17.526 --> 01:28:20.051 [ ZEYNAB ] Yeah. Or like-- 01:28:21.579 --> 01:28:23.448 [ b.h. ] I'm going to have to speed you on. 01:28:23.448 --> 01:28:27.107 [ MHP ] Yes, okay I'm sorry. I just--my bet is that question wasn't about us, right? 01:28:27.107 --> 01:28:32.476 Who cares what I think about writing? My bet is that question is about you and that you're working on it. 01:28:32.476 --> 01:28:38.225 But if you ask that question, and the real question is "Am I a writer?", the answer is "Yes, of course you are." 01:28:38.225 --> 01:28:40.194 If you ask that question, of course you're a writer. 01:28:40.194 --> 01:28:44.386 And if you are, if you're self-editing, at least find some friendly audiences, 01:28:44.386 --> 01:28:49.137 some safe audiences where you can write without... it's okay to self-edit to feel fearful of your audience... 01:28:49.137 --> 01:28:51.717 I think that's okay. Particularly when you're a young writer, 01:28:51.717 --> 01:28:55.168 but also just make sure you have some audiences, someone who's reading for you, 01:28:55.168 --> 01:28:57.893 who is a safe place for you to write. 01:28:57.893 --> 01:29:02.550 [ b.h. ] Okay, are you answering the imperialism question? [ A FEW LAUGHS ] 01:29:04.493 --> 01:29:08.212 [ MHP ] No, you want to answer that one? [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 01:29:08.212 --> 01:29:11.506 I get in too much trouble behind this, yeah. [ LAUGHING AND CLAPPING ] 01:29:17.697 --> 01:29:21.691 [ b.h. ] I'm going to be honest. Part of my silence is I've forgotten parts of the question. 01:29:21.691 --> 01:29:24.002 I didn't--I didn't forget the imperialist-- 01:29:24.002 --> 01:29:26.292 [ MHP ] No-no, it's the [ INAUDIBLE ] of Black versions- 01:29:26.292 --> 01:29:29.262 American versions of Blackness, right? And capitalism, right? 01:29:29.262 --> 01:29:32.431 [ b.h. ] There was the patriarchal allies, which was the woman behind you. 01:29:32.431 --> 01:29:34.289 [ MHP ] Yeah, yeah, we're coming to that one. 01:29:34.289 --> 01:29:35.873 [ b.h. ] Yeah. 01:29:35.873 --> 01:29:38.305 [ AUDIENCE MEMBER ] I think that it happens within both men and women, 01:29:38.305 --> 01:29:40.617 and it does happen to men and women. 01:29:40.617 --> 01:29:44.076 But but the implications of privilege with our ideas of Blackness, 01:29:44.076 --> 01:29:49.159 being that Blackness has changed over time, like you're talking about the President in office right now, 01:29:49.159 --> 01:29:52.531 and him being an African-American imperialist essentially, 01:29:52.531 --> 01:29:57.414 and subconsciously that affecting all of us who do that as well, when we travel. 01:29:57.414 --> 01:30:01.119 So there's a world out there that we don't identify with all the time. 01:30:01.119 --> 01:30:05.040 [ b.h. ] Well I think you've stated it. I mean that's what's real. 01:30:05.040 --> 01:30:10.338 I mean what's scary is why people don't want to face that reality 01:30:10.338 --> 01:30:16.111 why they want to still pretend that there's some solidified Blackness, and not--I mean, 01:30:16.111 --> 01:30:19.305 that there's tremendous crisis in Blackness 01:30:19.305 --> 01:30:25.488 because our class differences and separations grow more intense daily. 01:30:25.488 --> 01:30:32.504 And we're asked to believe that there's still some kind of R&B Blackness that unites us. 01:30:32.504 --> 01:30:38.633 [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] Will you take the patriarchal question? And then we're going to close. 01:30:40.602 --> 01:30:43.161 [ MHP ] Yeah. Right, well, I think--we remember the patriarchy question. 01:30:43.161 --> 01:30:45.960 So, I guess the one thing I would say is-- 01:30:45.960 --> 01:30:48.686 [ VIRGINIA ] I'll just say it again. 01:30:48.686 --> 01:30:54.875 So how instrumental is the male and/or white ally in our movement against patriarchy? 01:30:54.875 --> 01:30:59.267 [ b.h. ] I've actually been questioning this use of the word "ally" [ SOME LAUGHTER ] 01:30:59.267 --> 01:31:03.391 because I think that if someone is standing on their own beliefs, 01:31:03.391 --> 01:31:13.401 and their own beliefs are anti-patriarchal, anti-sexist, they are not required to be anybody's ally. 01:31:13.401 --> 01:31:18.216 They are on their front line in the same way that I'm on my front line. 01:31:18.216 --> 01:31:23.964 And I can tell you, women, when you find those men in patriarchy--gay, straight, trans*, whatever... 01:31:23.964 --> 01:31:29.381 that are on the front line, we recognize them. The sad truth is that there are so few of them. 01:31:29.381 --> 01:31:32.377 [ AUDIBLE AGREEMENT FROM AUDIENCE ] 01:31:32.377 --> 01:31:39.073 Okay. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING AND APPLAUDING ] Are you saying something? 01:31:39.073 --> 01:31:46.349 [ MHP ] Yeah, I mean, I guess I--so one thing I would--so this is maybe my--this is my academic 01:31:46.349 --> 01:31:48.234 this is my professorial self. 01:31:48.234 --> 01:31:55.026 I worry anytime we expect--so sometimes one of the pieces of language used, particularly in the academy- 01:31:55.026 --> 01:31:58.641 -maybe it's also used in media--I'm not so sure- is this idea of role modeling. 01:31:58.641 --> 01:32:05.252 "We need you to be there in that body to role-model to other people who have bodies similar to yours, 01:32:05.252 --> 01:32:07.841 that these things are possible." 01:32:07.841 --> 01:32:11.957 And I have very--I have very mixed emotions about that role-modeling idea, 01:32:11.957 --> 01:32:16.865 in part because I think that the imagination of Black Americans is... 01:32:16.865 --> 01:32:22.345 our sort of critical, moral, creative imagination is one of our great accomplishments in the U.S. context. 01:32:22.345 --> 01:32:26.230 Our ability to imagine freedom in the context of intergenerational chattel bondage, 01:32:26.230 --> 01:32:30.376 our ability to believe God loves us when there is no empirical evidence that God does love us, 01:32:30.376 --> 01:32:34.981 our willingness to engage. [ LAUGHTER ] 01:32:34.981 --> 01:32:39.277 Right, so I actually don't know that we need to cease- 01:32:39.277 --> 01:32:44.455 -I mean, I think part of our genius is that we don't need to see it to nonetheless believe it & pursue it. 01:32:44.455 --> 01:32:50.219 And in fact, even in as much as that is, I think a unique--as Cornel West would say... 01:32:50.219 --> 01:32:54.617 a unique gift of Black people to the American Project, right? 01:32:54.617 --> 01:32:59.558 I mean that's the language that he uses. It's one of our gifts, particularly in the post-9/11 moment. 01:32:59.558 --> 01:33:09.263 That as much as that is true, it's also been true of even the nastiest low-down racist patriarchs of our nation. 01:33:09.263 --> 01:33:11.576 So my daughter--and I promise I'm going to end- 01:33:11.576 --> 01:33:15.031 my daughter is in 6th grade and she had to learn the Declaration of Independence, 01:33:15.031 --> 01:33:17.816 the little, you know, "We hold these truths to be self- evident, that all men are created equal, 01:33:17.816 --> 01:33:19.951 and endowed with their Creator with certain inalienable rights, 01:33:19.951 --> 01:33:22.174 that among these are Life, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Happiness, 01:33:22.174 --> 01:33:28.140 and governments are instituted among men to protect these rights"--right, okay? 01:33:28.140 --> 01:33:31.493 She was hot. Mad. [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] 01:33:31.493 --> 01:33:36.402 She was like, "This is some old bull. That was not true! 1776, we were slaves, we couldn't vote." 01:33:36.402 --> 01:33:43.542 She was mad, she was walking around the house, mad! [ AUDIENCE LAUGHING ] Mad! 01:33:43.542 --> 01:33:47.944 Now part of this 'cause she's in sixth grade, so she's mad that the sun comes up, so she's just mad. 01:33:47.944 --> 01:33:54.662 But she was mad behind this, and--but, so Thomas Jefferson is vile. Like he just is vile, right? 01:33:54.662 --> 01:33:57.532 He owns his own children at various points. 01:33:57.532 --> 01:34:03.699 But--and this is the final ally--but he didn't write a document that says, 01:34:03.699 --> 01:34:10.158 "We think that maybe, possibly, old white men with money are equal, in a few kind of ways, 01:34:10.158 --> 01:34:11.857 and maybe they could get a gut" 01:34:11.857 --> 01:34:15.544 that's what the Constitution says, [ LAUGHTER ] 01:34:15.544 --> 01:34:20.338 but the Declaration of Independence has a moral imagination 01:34:20.338 --> 01:34:24.294 beyond the empirical reality of the 1776 Monticello Mountain. 01:34:24.294 --> 01:34:28.538 And so I don't know that I need patriarchs and white men and... 01:34:28.538 --> 01:34:33.358 but what I do... what is possible on that kind of allied position, 01:34:33.358 --> 01:34:38.071 is for them to imagine something bigger than what is in this moment. 01:34:38.071 --> 01:34:41.613 And so as much as I've had my little, you know, critiques about--like, you know, 01:34:41.613 --> 01:34:45.364 the people who work at MSNBC, in the leadership, those old white guys, 01:34:45.364 --> 01:34:47.272 who are rich and powerful and sit around a table, 01:34:47.272 --> 01:34:51.954 and maybe someday... maybe today... will fire me, and everyone else [ LAUGHTER ] 01:34:51.954 --> 01:34:54.159 they nonetheless did... they could say, 01:34:54.159 --> 01:34:57.885 "oh well, what if put a little gay girl on here and what if we put a little Black girl on here." 01:34:57.885 --> 01:35:00.732 "And maybe--oh and let the Asian girl"...and how... 01:35:00.732 --> 01:35:06.629 and so those are things that required a little bit of... it's not revolution. 01:35:07.637 --> 01:35:11.203 [ MHP ] It's the opposite of revolution, but it is a little imagination. 01:35:11.203 --> 01:35:14.556 [ b.h. ] ...at heart, also, our movement away from binaries. 01:35:14.556 --> 01:35:17.830 So we would like to leave you with this whole notion 01:35:17.830 --> 01:35:23.539 that if you work for freedom, one of the ways that you can work for freedom, 01:35:23.539 --> 01:35:31.225 is to change your mind and to move away from the space of binaries, of simplistic either-or, both-and, 01:35:31.225 --> 01:35:37.174 and to be able to look at the picture that offers us complexity. 01:35:37.174 --> 01:35:42.789 I want to thank Stephanie Browner, Heather and Jennifer, for all their work, 01:35:42.789 --> 01:35:50.522 and my sister, my soul sister, [ LAUGHTER ]. Melissa Harris-Perry, thank you for being here. 01:35:50.522 --> 01:35:53.520 [ MHP ] Thank you, bell. Thank you, bell. 01:35:53.520 --> 01:35:56.609 [ PASSIONATE APPLAUSE AND CHEERING... ]